Eriksons Stages Essay

This experiential learning activity will guide you an opportunity to apply basic psychological principles to learn more closely your own mien. The project will be conducted over a 9 week period. By week 3, you will choose a behaviour that you would like to motley and come up with a demeanour substitute plan. In weeks 4-10, you will work on changing that carriage and track disk your progress. In weeks 11-13, you will reflect, analyze, and interpret your behaviour turn and outcomes. A 5 page write-up (double spaced) of this behavior qualifying activity covering the points described at a lower place is due the week of presentations at the beginning of the class period. Here argon the steps1. Select a behavior that you would like to change, one that youd like to increase or decrease or modify in some way (Examples eating junk or high-fat foods, chewing gum, smoking, get angry, studying, exercising, spending money, worrying, etc). 2. Define your specific goal, consider the b enefits and barriers, and choose a behavior modification plan. 3. Design a method of tracking your workaday progress. This could be a t onlyying form, a data table, etc. This device should allow you to record the frequency and/or duration of your behavior on a daily basis. (if your behavior is something that is done several times a day, you might desire to create a data tracking device that you can filter along with you). 4. Record your behavior, following the procedures you have developed, throughout the semester.Write a 5 page report that let ins the following points and be sure to include theories and concepts we covered during class in addition to these sections. **Use at to the lowest degree 2 journal articles related to your topic and give a outline description of the articles in the introduction** Goal-Setting and Monitoring What behavior did you try to change? What was your precise goal? (for example, to increase/decrease the frequency and or duration) What were the be nefits that you comprehend to changing your behavior? In other words, why did you want to change your behavior? How did you keep track of (record) your daily progress? Very short describe the type of tallying sheet (or recording device) that you apply. Motivation Where do you cypher your goal would fall on Maslows power structure of motives and why? What types of counter-motives do it difficult for you to accomplish your goal (example hunger, pleasure, etc.) Where would these counter-motives fall on Maslows hierarchy? Did you feel more intrinsically or extrinsically motivated to change this behavior and why? Did your goal involve the behavioral activation system (BAS) or the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and why? Was your goal more approach- or avoidance-oriented and why? Do you think that your motives contributed to your outcome? How and why? Learning How did you go about trying to change your behavior? Did you use any of the behavior learning strategies that we discu ssed in class such as classical or operant conditioning? How did you use these strategies? Did they work or not? Emotions, Barriers, and sociable Support What types of emotions did you feel when trying to change your behavior? How did you feel along the way and how were these emotions related to the amount of effort you invested in trying to change your behavior? What were some of the barriers that you encountered while trying the change the behavior? Did you abide these barriers when you started or did they surprise you along the way? What did you do to overcome these barriers? Did you occupy the help of family and friends in trying to change your behavior? Was this helpful or harmful? Conclusion Did you reach your goal or not? How do you feel about the outcome? What could you do differently in the next to be even more successful at changing your behavior? Outline of written reportIntroduction explanation of topic exposition of why this is an important arena of studyReason f or picking this area to write aboutLiterature reviewDescription of theory preceding(prenominal) research on topic (Use at least 2 journal articles related toyour topic and give a brief description of the articles)Citations of all work mentioned in the paperStatement of hypothesisMethods sectionDescription of process in reaching your goal (recording behavior, keeping track, etc)Description of materials used (tally sheet? recording device?)ResultsConclusionsGoal-setting & MonitoringMotivationLearningEmotions, barriers, and hearty supportConclusion paragraph (see assignment sheet)Applications (how will these results be effective to individuals and society as a whole?)ReferencesAPA styleCitations in the carcass of paper should appear in the reference section

Benjamin Franklin Compared to Jonathan Edwards

Kendra Hughes Professor Machann English 2327 bunt 24, 2010 Errata in the Hands of an Un-Angry God A Comparison of Edwards and Franklin Oberg and Stout de put togethere it best in the introduction of their book genus Benzoin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and the Representation of American Culture, It is difficult, if not impossible to, think of two more widely canvas colonial figures than Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards. As Franklin and Edwards beget been studied individually e realwhere generations, so similarly have they been looked at unitedly (Oberg and Stout 3). by dint of their influential writing and critical evaluations of how to cleanse angiotensin-converting enzyme ego, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin both handle American root words that ultimately define them as part of American publications. magic spell living in different times and writing for different reasons they packet the common themes of self- value, the constituteting and accomplishment of intents, and the importance of cohesion of society.By poring over Edwards Personal Narrative, Resolutions, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, and excerpts from Benjamin Franklins Autobiography, found in Nortons Anthology of American literary works, alter by Nina Baym, their distinct individual ideas, and these shared fundamental themes of American literature can be seen. Their personal narratives show how their environment impacted them to unwrap themselves. Jonathan Edwards Personal Narrative portrays his progress towards a more close kindred with God. His family was followers of the Congregationalist Church, and from early childhood, he followed a Christian carriage (Edwards 385). Edwards autobiography, Personal Narrative, begins with him saying, I had a variety of concerns and exercise around my soul from my childhood but had two more remarkable seasons of awakening, before I met with that change, by which I was brought to those new dispositions, and that new sens e of things, that I have had (Edwards 386). Edward completes a sojourn that brings him closer to God.This discovery championed him in his evaluation of what it took to fashion a weaken Christian in Gods eyes. On the other hand however, Benjamin Franklin less(prenominal) closely adhered to his familys Christian beliefs. As a Deist, Franklin believed that there was a Supreme macrocosm and that it is ones let chore to discover reality with reason. In his autobiography, he reveals a few instances that altered his way of life. Case in point, he had qualms about not further pursing his relationship with Miss Read when he left for England. Franklin calls these wrong doings or regrets Errata (Franklin 473).The spirituality of Edwards and Franklin, although different, and very distinctive, their works resonate their exposure and the impact it had on their personal improvement and growth. Also, as a Deist, Franklin believed he determined his inevitability by his own accord. This encoura ged him to set and accomplish goals to achieve what he coveted in life. His autobiography portrays his faults and his accomplishments. This lack of modesty in revealing his errata is targeted towards his assembly, the American man, with hopes of hint them to augment themselves and progress upon their deficiencies.Franklin rallied for the reformation of the American man through self-evaluation and correction. On the contrary, Edwards believed that it was Gods divine will of which men were the selected few who could entered into enlightenment after life. Edwards focused his writings towards Christians more so than just rigorously Americans. His goal was to prepare Christians to become these select individuals that gained entrance into heaven. Christians under Edwards entangle responsible to live better lives and to set examples for the congregation and the federation.As Christian individuals, just as Franklins Americans, they continually believed that one must sample and self-ass es their place in life, the church, and the community. In the book premature American Literature A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Michael T. Gilmore, Gilmore writes in the introduction, The Puritans in their minds the Bible was the book of history, and typology revealed the developmental pattern of everyday events by finding correspondences between the Old and mod Testaments (Gilmore 2). Edwards consistently leads his life adhering to the bible. He believed comparable Winthrop, that his community needed to prepare and become a city upon a hill (Gilmore 2). In Resolutions Edwards self-reflection and goals can be seen. He constantly tries to improve himself and his congregation so that they can achieve Gods create mentally of a new homeland in hot England. Edwards primary allegiance was to understand the Bible and to abide by it to live life to the fullest. Edwards aspired to better himself and set a precedent for his congregation and his Christian community.Franklin , like Edwards, also wants these goals and achievements as and individual and for the American man. In Soundings Some Early American Writers, Lewis Leary writes, Franklin was the true American he constantly redefines himselfnone better stand for the simple, noble menwho lived close to temper faithful to her laws uncontaminated by artificialities of court or town (Leary 9,11). Franklin provides his audience with virtues to adhere to when trying to set goals to improve themselves.Franklin explains, no one can change overnight and one must work on one vice until successively conquered, such(prenominal) as chastity, everyman can find self-improvement and further contribute to their community (Franklin 487). Franklins determination to overcome vices enabled him to become closer to virtuosity, and hopefully in the end encourage his community to do the same. Similarly, Edwards motilitys to overcome his sins enabled him to become closer to God and to set an example for his congregation. Both men document the progress of their goals to follow their self-defined resolutions and both men hoped their comrades would adhere to the same principles. They desired to be influential and catch attention and esteem from their community by showcasing their sacrifices. Along with self-improvement and setting of goals Edwards and Franklins writings reflect the importance of cohesion as a society. While Edwards urges his congregation of the need to seek salvation and bind together during a time when America was redefining religion, Franklin, through his writing encourages society to move closer together after the subverter War.In, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards reciprocates with ferocity and anger to his congregation when set about with The Great Awakening. In the sermon to his congregation Edwards objective is to rationalize with the measureless that are doomed to damnation and not saved. He preaches, Now you have an extraordinary opportunity, a day wherein Chri st has thrown the door of blessing wide open (Edwards 435). Edwards begs for the cohesion of his congregational community in effort to defeat the influences of uncertified preachers and the impendence of damnation.Ursula Brumm explains in her essay Jonathan Edwards and Typology, In Early American Literature A Collection of Critical Essays, Edwards took part middle and soul in the events of the Great Awakening He regarded this movement with sweep over expectations in the belief that it marked the beginning of a new millenary (Brumm 71). Edwards felt The Great Awakening was a test from God, that Satan was causation these events, and that by force through his sermons he could hold his congregation together and pass this test from God to see who was faithful.Being much less forceful in his bridle-path, Franklin simply assay to coax others to follow his path to become more patriotic. Franklin delves into the concept of how man can be make into a good citizen by following his list of virtues. He says, Its every ones interest to be virtuous, who wishd to be happy even in this world (Franklin 495). Franklins goal is, to show men that his autobiography and literature alike can help oneself to analyze and correct their own errors (Leary 15). Franklins autobiography is defined by the case of rags to riches and has become a commonly used theme by many American writers.In the book reservation the American Self Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln by Daniel Walker Howe, Howe further explains the evolution of the self do man, Edwards and Franklin agreed in their assessment of human nature and the difficulties put in the way of a virtuous life. The origins of the model of human nature that Edwards and Franklin shared with so many others, led to the cult of the self made man (Howe 2). During the period after the recently acquired American independence, the nation attempted to define the representative citizen.Climbing from the lower distinguish rags to the upper class riches Franklin achieved true success, set an example of the model citizen and influenced many match Americans during this time of need. Edwards and Franklin were both avant-gardes to their societies when people most yearned for an exemplary to live their lives by. Although so different Edwards and Franklin both were able to adhere to the American themes of self-improvement, setting and achieving goals, and glide slope together as a community. Through their erpetual self-appraisal, self-advancement, disclosure of their personal narratives, and their identification of a need to unite the community as one, they were able to wee the model of the American, Christian man, and epitomize American Literature through their works. works Cited Brumm, Ursula. Jonathan Edwards and Typology. Early American Literature A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Michael T. Gilmore. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1980. Pg 71. Edwards, Jonathan. Jonathan Edwards Resolutions and Advice to Young Conv erts. Ed. Stephen J.Nichols. New York P&R Publishing, 2001. Edwards, Jonathan. Personal Narrative. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. seventh Ed. Ed. Nina Baym. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 2007. Pg 385-396. Edwards, Jonathan. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th Ed. Ed. Nina Baym. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 2007. Pg 425-436 Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th Ed. Ed. Nina Baym. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 2007. Pg 472-517. Works Cited ContinuedHowe, Daniel Walker, ed. Making the American Self Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln. New York Oxford University Press, 1997. Pg 2. Gilmore, Michael T. , ed. Early American Literature A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1980. Pg 2. Leary, Lewis. Soundings Some Early American Writers. Athens University Of Georgia Press, 1975. Pg 9-15. Oberg, Barbara B. , and Stout, Harry S. , eds. Ben jamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and the Representation of American Culture. New York Oxford University Press, 1993. Pg 3.

Program

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Kaya ng Pinoy tumawid sa Kaunlaran One afternoon, I bought chips and drinks in a mini-mart. I fall in a long line with hoi polloi who atomic number 18 too busy checking up their groceries. I heard ane talking about the money that they have to budget in a week or two that in some sort serve ups them in their living. The cash that they had was from a platform. I was too curious about the political platform that they were talking about, what comes next was I found myself talking to one of these wad about the program. The Bridge of the Filipino PeoplePantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program is one of governments programs that aims to reduce the number of inadequate Filipinos through helping them in wellness and education particularly pincerren who suffer at ages 0-14. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program runs cash subsidies to poor habitations in the country with zero to 14 stratums old children. It provides a P500 monthly allowance per hou sehold and P300 monthly per child under the health and education package respectively granted that the beneficiaries follow the set conditions of the program on health and education.Included in the program conditions are regular health checkups for children, pre- and post-natal checkups for pregnant women, 85 percent school attending for children, and attendance on family ripening sessions monthly of parent-beneficiaries. Further, because of several factors that affect the indigenous peoples welfare among which are cultural belief, isolation and lack of education, there is a need to establish links with non-government transcriptions, concerned local government units, and urbane Society Organizations to provide services and ensure the general welfare of the verbalise group and address their specific concerns.Also, the DSWD Field Office IV-A reported that to a greater extent frequent monitoring is being conducted to the group to ensure high conformance of the said families to p rogram conditions and high involvement in the program activities. early(a) services being provided to the said groups are supplemental feeding, literacy class, livelihood projects, and experience registration. The program covers 17 regions, 80 provinces, 733 cities/municipalities including Lipa City. All in all, there are 1 million poor households covered in the program. Objectives of Pantawid ProgramFirst is eradating extreme pauperisation and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and empowering women. It provides help to the poor to lighten their immediate needs and break the intergenerational cycle of poverty investment in human capital such as education, health and nutrition. The program aims to respond on the basic needs of the poor families through financial assistance and to elevate the poor through helping poor families in damage of their health, nutrition and education. Procedure on Beneficiaries selectionThe DSWD-Region IV-A hired per sonnel for the take after of Lipenos last 2009. The following filled up form will motivate to Proxy Means Test (PMP). A machine that will get wind the socio-economic category of families or either the families is poorest household. Third quarter of 2011, the DSWD Region IVA, provide us a copy of master list of eligible household with a total of 9,201 families/ Fourth quarter of 2011, we assisted the DSWD staff for organization of Assemblies for validation of household at PVM School and Marawoy-wherein our constituent submitted birth certificate, jointure contract, barangay clearance and 2 valid IDs.From 9,201 household, 7,323 are complied with the requirements of the program. (1,878 not passed) Memorandum of pact was signed by the Mayor. Identification card was attached to qualified beneficiaries. at that place is only one design of the ID distributed to 72 barangay by the DSWD Central Office. The dissemination of ID was done 2nd week to 3rd week of March at the same time t o cope with the scheduled of the pay out on March 27-31, 2012 for the month of January and February 2012.The amount of grant for the said month will be given on a cash basis at Landbank, Marawoy, lipa City by presenting the Identification Card issued. The program provides conditional cash to beneficiaries through Landbank. What are the Pantawid Benefits Health and Nutrition grant were P500. 00 per household and a total of 6,000 per year or yearly. In education, 300. 00 per month will be given per child for 10 months a year to a maximum of 3 children per household. A household with 3 qualified children (5-14 historic period old) will received a total of P900. 0 as long as they comply with the conditionalitys. establish on the category the amount to be received by the beneficiaries for a month were 500, 800, 1,100 and 1400 (based on the approved beneficiaries of the program) Last January and February the program have a total of 15,079,000. 00 grant to 7,323 Lipenos. The Conditionalit ies (Co-responsibilities of household beneficiaries) For the nutrition of children 0-5 years old, the beneficiary should prattle the city health center to avail immunization.They should as well have a monthly weight monitoring and nutrition counselling for the children age 0-2 years old and have quarterly weight monitoring for the age 25-37 weeks old. Lastly, they should have management of childhood disease for sick children 6-14 years old and moldiness receive de worming pills twice a year. For the education of children ages 3-5 years old, they should be enrolled in day care of pre-school program and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month.For the children 6-14 years old they should also be enrolled in Elementary and Secondary School and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month. asunder from that, the parents or the guardian have their own responsibility. They must attend family development session at least once a month. They should participa te in a community activities, (cleanliness drive, etc. ) and promote and strengthen the implementation of the program. Pantawid Tulong for the lipeno Families As of August 2012, there are 7, 290 lipeno grantees of Pantawid PamilyaProgram and they are monitored every 2 months. The underpin of the City Mayor, Hon. Meynard A. Sabili to the implementation of the program was continuous as he personally participates in all of the activities of the program. He acted like a father caring to 7, 329 children and always reminding them of the Pantawid contionalities and how to be a good parent to their children. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a blessing to our family. I found a new partner to help me sustain the needs of my children.. Ate Elsa said, one of the programs beneficiary. -Yvette Landicho

Bureaucracy Essays Examples Essay

IntroductionGiven the subject matter of this essay revolves around bureaucratism, and disposed that bureaucratism is bear on with rules and order, it percolatems fitting to first begin with an official explanation of the term A arranging of authorities in which most of the all important(p) decisions ar do by state officials rather than by pick out representatives a state or organization governed or managed according to much(prenominal) a system. This essay will break down how this definition came round and where bureaucratism first originated before moving onto explore its fortuitous consequences and some of its extreme uses while counter balancing this with some of its to a greater extent arrogant attri al adeptes. I shall num epochte at the freshistic facial expressions of bureaucratism and weigh up whether at that place is a place for it in the modern world and if non whether bureau bureaucracy is more(prenominal) fitting. Finally I shall conclude by atte mpting to come down on one side of the argument as to whether in fact bureaucracy is bad.Bureaucracy as an exalted qualitycast and sorting of power ground on legitimate consent goop Weber was a German social scientist (1864-1920) who was concerned with the interrogation of what held societies together, he came to the conclusion that it was down to authority which allows those who lease the right of legitimacy to do orders (Wilson, 1999). Weber questioned what the power of this authority was ground on, because in most societies it is non establish on force, fear or coercion. This authority previously came roughly in dickens master(prenominal) instructions authority based on charisma (the person-to-person authority of a mappingicular individual) or authority based on tradition (the established authority of institutions) ( color in, 2009). However, Weber in due(p) forward the idea that these previous instances of authority were increasely being overshadowed by ratio nal-legal authority in modern societies (systems of rules devised for rational reasons).Weber was writing at a beat where organisations were developing at a rate non seen before. He was commentating o the transformation that he was directly seeing. The idea of this reason in society and organisations is not a new one and thence in Webers study insureing the rise of capitalism he argued that it owed a considerable amount to the practices of the Calvinist Church which was itself involved in logicalcalculative apprehension. This rationalisation can be defined as a process whereby the promoter chose to pursue ends can be find out by logical and rational calculation (Wilson, 1999). When applied to organisations, this rational-legal authority meat bureaucracy.When Weber was putting forward his ideas regarding bureaucracy he discussed it as an ideal type however a common mis inventionion is that by this Weber meant bureaucracy was a desirable ideal when in fact he despai blushfu l of how dominant this organisational structure was becoming. The ideal type is only a subjective fraction in social theory and research which formed from characteristics and elements of the given phenomena, precisely it is not meant to correspond to all of the characteristics of any one particular case. harmonise to Wilson (1999) the ideal type of bureaucracy is governed by a formal garnish of rules and procedures that ensures that operations and activities be carried out in a predictable, uniform and achromatic manner.This comes from the four formational aspects that according to Weber bureaucracy consist of useable specialisation (the formal division of labour), hierarchy of authority (the structure that gives those in a superior position authority, simply because they hold that position), system of rules (e rattlingthing is based upon wining a formal set of written rules virtually practices and procedures) and impersonality (rules argon followed without regard for emotions) (Grey, 2009). According to Weber it was these four concepts that meant bureaucracy was the most technically streamlined and rational form of organisations, it was adopted because it was simply ameliorate than any other system.Form of ten powerfulness it promotes (instrumental/formal vs. value/substantive) It is clear to see that bureaucracy promotes an instrumental form of rationality, which is a type of decision devising which is subject to calculation that goes into an action to increase its chance of success. Its decisive suffer is that it eliminates an orientation to values because they atomic number 18 non-technical. Rationality is instrumental (formal) when problems atomic number 18 single- approximationed by the application of technical criteria. In opposition, substantive (value) rationality is a type of decision making which is subject to values and an appeal to honest norms this is not something that bureaucracy isconcerned with especially given substant ive rationality does not take into account the nature of outcomes.Weber excessively cogitate that bureaucracy was substantively irrational chase his land and reading on the boilersuit societal effects of its rise (Grey, 2009). This is where Weber coined his term of The Iron detain of rationality. The idea was that because bureaucracy was becoming so dominant in e real aspect of life and work more and more hoi pollois stretch outs were lived at heart the constraints of a rationalised system. Grey (2009) takes it ones step further and claims that bureaucracy undermines our very benevolentity. Whilst this whitethorn seem ludicrous, he presents a very interesting idea. We live in a world in which every experience is set up from the hospital in which we ar born to the undertakers that take us to our sculpture (Grey, 2009).Unintended consequences/Dysfunctions of bureaucracy (Blau, Gouldner, Merton) It is already clear to see that bureaucracy may not be without its problems, o r unintended consequences. The word itself in the modern day world is often frowned on and associated with issues of red tape as well as a need slight waste and pedantic fixation with rules (Grey, 2009). It is essential in umteen organisations nowadays that there is a write up trail, so that it can be proved everything was done how it was meant to be. However, the unintended consequences of bureaucracy go much further than this and begin with the idea that bureaucracy is thought of as a mechanical form of organisation. Whilst this heart that every part is designed perfectly and operates in a predictable and bill modality, it in any case style that the people within the organisation have to function as if they argon merely cogs which lead to a number of headstone unintended consequences.There is firstly an issue regarding the levels of demand among employees. A privation of personal commitment is bred from having to follow set rules and having no discretion or so doing so . These standard procedures that must be followed also provides little interest or arousal for employees which again weakens their commitment to the organisation. It is not a new idea that motivation is understandably linked to job satisfaction and that higher motivation leads to better work performance. It therefore follows that in bureaucracies where motivation is low employees will simply perform suboptimally meaning they be not as efficient as first thought. Following on from the above problem, is that this lack of motivation often translates into poor customer service. Employees will simply follow rules and procedures imposturely with little regard for the customer in the process. Bureaucratic rules are also designed for the benefit of the organisation, not the customer meaning they will not be changed to suit the demands of one individual.A final trace problem involves a resistance to world and change. In a bureaucracy once rules are make they will only change very slowl y, if at all. This is specifically a problem for organisations that exist in markets with volatile and uncertain conditions. It is well known now that to follow up with rival an organisation must change with the times or will dissolve because it cannot keep up with changing markets. It also stifles individual exemption many of the best ideas within organisations come from the bottom up, but bureaucracy destroys this inaugural as there is little bureaucrats hate more than innovation, especially innovation that produces better results than the old routines. Improvements always make those at the top look inept (Herbert, 1984).There are also a number of dysfunctions of bureaucracy which have been written about by a number of theorists chiefly Merton (1940), Blau (1955) and Selznick (1949). Merton (1940) addressed a core theoretical and practical issue with his concept of goal displacement. His argument is an interesting one, and one that can be intelligibly seen in the working(a ) practices of bureaucracies in modern day organisations. He claims that people in bureaucracies started to see following the rules as the goal or theatrical role rather than the effect that the rule was supposed to produce. Goal displacement became about doing the thing right, rather than doing the right thing (Merton (1940). This is perhaps where the negative connotations about bureaucracy come from, this slavish adherence to rules (Grey, 2009) becomes the end in itself and becomes exchange to the concept of red tape which people have come to loathe. Merton termed this as the bureaucratic personality, where someone was so busy adhering to official rules that they lose megabucks of the aims of the organisation.Selznick (1949) undertook a number of studies that supported Mertons (1940) theory of goal displacement. His studies imbed that the divisionalised structures a key aspect of bureaucratic organisations led to employees being concerned only with the aims, rules and proced ures of their division with total disregard for the organisations aims as a whole. This disjointedness mingled with divisions meant employees pursued divisional interests often at the expense of the organisation with delivers, what Grey (2009) calls organisationally sub optimal outcomes.Blau (1955) looked at one of the dysfunctions of bureaucracy via the trade due north tactic known as work to rule. This means exactly what the monetary value suggests, employees refuse to do anything over and above the formal and established rules of their lease or workplace. Similarly if they are contractual obliged to do something, but the rules are not laid out on exactly how to do it, they constantly ask for assistance or guidance. The reason this is done is to chip organisations. However, Blau addresses the important question that rules under a bureaucratic system are supposedly meant to be a straightforward thing as they are meant to establish the most efficient way of doing something so how can following them religiously disrupt an organisation. Blau answers his own question and states that following the rules to the garner without exploitation your own initiative is actually not the most efficient way of organising which undermines the whole model of bureaucracy.Whilst the work of Merton, Selznick and Blau show that following bureaucratic rules to the letter may not lead to efficiency there is the work of crosier (1964) and Gouldner (1954) which is in diametric opposition to this. The issue is not over adhesion of rules but instead a total disregard for them. Gouldner (1954) introduced the concept of taunt bureaucracy afterward his investigation into a gypsum mine revealed its presence. patronage the telling array of rules and regulations (Grey, 2009) found in formal rulebooks, in practice these were ignored. This was specifically noticed in regard to the safety regulations in the mines and is evident now in the disregard for a number of safety regulations that exist in potentiallydangerous industries such(prenominal) a building sites and chemical plants. Despite the fact that goal displacement and mock bureaucracy are diametrically opposed, both undermine the bureaucratic model.Bureaucracy as a semen of extreme power (Bauman)It would be an injustice not to use the case of the Holocaust to highlight what can happen when bureaucracy is used as a source of extreme power. Wilson (1999) notes that in bureaucracy personal relationships are excluded from everyday life which may go some way to explaining the pullout Nazi soldiers were able to show to their victims. Bauman (1989) wrote prominently on the subject in a book entitled Modernity and the Holocaust. According to Bauman, horrific though the Nazi regime was, the genocide was simply an extreme application of bureaucratic logic with a system of rules, uniformity, impersonality and technical efficiency (Bauman, 1989).Shooting of victims was, after a while, deemed to be insufficiently productive mainly due to the crowing numbers to be killed. The Nazi regime therefore found a new way, in the form of permanent concrete gas chamber in which the perpetrators need not see, hear or feel the human consequences of their actions (Russell and Gregory, 2005). This also backs up a prior foretell I made regarding the instrumental rationality involved within bureaucracy. Such indifference and neutrality to human life shows that bureaucratic practices can in no way, or from no angle, been seen as substantively rational.Contemporary manifestations of bureaucracy, audit cultures (Power, 1997) and McDonaldisation (Ritzer, 1993 and 2003) Contemporary manifestations of bureaucracy are all around us, though the most obvious example is that of McDonaldisation (Ritzer, 1993). At the time, Ritzer claimed that fast nutriment restaurants were the new model of rationalisation however, in the twenty-first century we know that this model of rationalisation, which is built on many ideas found in bureaucracy, is by no means confined to the fast food industry. Ritzer (1993) defined McDonaldisation as a process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of US society as well as that of the rest of the world. quartet basic dimensions lie at the heart of the success of McDonalds (and as such McDonaldisation) efficiency, calculability, predictability and increased control. Ritzer was quick to highlight the negatives of McDonaldisation and believes that McDonalised systems through their rules, regulations and scripts encroach upon us and at last threaten the ability of people working within these systems to think intelligently. This was what Grey (2009) was implying when he spoke of employees merely being cogs in a machine. Ritzer also carries on Webers theory of The Iron cage in by describing that this iron cage is being constructed, piece by piece, by the various organisations and institutions that follow McDonald s model. analyse cultures are also an increasing phenomenon in modern day bureaucracies. Power (1977) authored a book called The Audit Society where he argues this culture of auditing is one that has come to dominate more and more areas of our lives. One example is the targets set by the Labour government in the public service, and specifically public health, services where measurements are made according to the outputs (the ends). The problem with this is that it can cause employees to manipulate the system in order to achieve the targets. In addition the fact that audit cultures nidus on what you can measure and see means that it is not based on quality, so the measurement itself holds little value. Power argues that it becomes a self-referential system in that an employee can display they are meeting the targets but it does not show the reality of what they are doing. The reality that is in the documents is not the kindred as the reality that is experiences. In an audit society how something is done is less important than that it is done.One key example of this is the Mid Staffordshire trust. In rough-and-ready heed was often too concerned with hitting targets that surrounded by 2005-2008 it was reported that between 400-1200 patients died from preventable causes. However, at the same time this trust met all of its targets to the lodge that it received foundation status. This demonstrates just how important it is that people look at how targets are achieved rather than just that they are received. Bureaucracy as good because it avoidspatronage (DuGay, 2000) or bad because it doesnt manage to prevent it (Jackall, 1988) DuGay (2000) is a key advocate of bureaucracy and draws upon Webers ideal type of bureaucracy that business is discharged without regard for persons (Weber, 1978). All love, hatred and stringently irrational and emotional sentiments are excluded.Whilst this main seem callous it is this exact bureaucratic ethic of impersonality and cando r that DuGay defends. In note with Baumans great deal of the distinct lack of morality, DuGay (2000) in fact claims that bureaucracy is imbued with morality due to the demands of instrumental rationality for maximum efficiency. DuGay states that for those demands to be satisfied the ethic of impersonality and fairness must come into play. Therefore bureaucracy is actually a way to eliminate discrimination.Jackalls (1988) work regarding bureaucratic careers is in opposition with this however, as he claims much of bureaucracy is based on old authority. His work is based on a large organisation in the US and is recorded in his book Moral Mazes. The idea of the hierarchy within the ideal bureaucracy is that you are trained for a role and then you occupy a role, taking on the authority that came with it. If that ideal occurs than it is an efficient system. However, Jackall found that patronage (an old form of authority associated with traditional authority) was more common within the o rganisation. In other words, doing things to please your boss who is at the top of the hierarchy of authority purely based upon his position.According to Jackall (1988) and deuce years previously to DuGays conflicting ideas, fairness and equity are abandoned in favour of keeping ones eye on the main chance, maintaining and furthering ones own position and career. Subordinate improvement is based upon protecting the boss rather than on hard work, ability and dedicated service. The way to move up the career ladder is to keep your eye on the political gamesmanship of the organisation.Is bureaucracy dead (post bureaucracy?)This brings me onto the question of whether if bureaucracy is bad, then what is the alternative. An alternative has been put forward, and it is that of post bureaucracy. Heckscher (1994) is one of the principal writers in post bureaucracy and has created a type in contrast to Webers which is calledthe post bureaucratic ideal type. There are three key strands to his ideal type. Firstly, formal rules are replaced with a consensus based upon personal influence rather than status employees are also bank to act on shared values rather than rules. Secondly, responsibilities are delegate based on competence and merit rather than hierarchy and individuals are treated as such. Finally, the organisation is much more flexible with regard to employment and working hours.The ideals of post bureaucracy have been developed as the conditions in which bureaucracy worked are becoming increasingly rare. The industrial era has given way to the post-industrial and the economy has moved away from mass turnout of standard products towards short product runs for niche markets (Grey, 2009). To address the final point of Heckschers (1994) post bureaucracy ideal, there is also a growing need for more flexible and innovative working rather than the blind following of orders. Whilst post bureaucracy does seem to address some of the problems associated with modern day b ureaucracies it also generates its own set of problems, many of them being what bureaucracy solves. In opposition to the idea of bureaucracy as a machine, post bureaucracy is portrayed as a living, growing organism which means it is far less predictable and prone to malfunctions. Grey (2009) outlines three key problems with a post bureaucratic ideal.The problem of control is key, the lack of rules means it is difficult to exercise control. Post bureaucracy instead proposes a various form of control based on a culture of anxiety on trust though this is a rather fragile form of control which relies on self-control. This is particularly difficult to sustain given the conditions in which post bureaucracies claim to operate flexible and fast moving organisations which means short term contracts where a trust is hard to build up. other problem is that of risk which is inherently linked to a culture of freedom and innovation. Whilst freedom can result in good ideas, it can also resul t in inaccurate and damaging decisions for an organisation. Finally, the problem of fairness is also inherent in an organisational system that stressed individual treatment as this opens the possibility to irrationalities and prejudices.ConclusionTo come back to the original question, is bureaucracy bad, having evaluated and considered the two sides of the argument. I would have to come to the conclusion that while todays common form of bureaucracy is bad, the Weberian ideal type is not necessarily so. Like any structure, concept or theory, bureaucracy has its downfalls but there can be no denying that bureaucracy in its ideal type is the most rational and efficient form of organisation. However, over the years and into the twenty-first century it has become too rigid in its rules and procedures, people working within bureaucracies have lost their sense of initiative and cannot fathom anything that exists outdoor(a) of their ruled environment.As Merton (1940) summed up, bureaucrac y has become about doing the thing right, rather than doing the right thing. The stifling of innovation can lead to the bereavement of organisations and as James Hayes states Endless meetings, sloppy communications and red tape steal the entrepreneurs time. Through bureaucracy the capacity for discretion is removed, which means that the ability to reason, act and exercise shrewdness is restricted. The individuals are told to enact a role into which they throw themselves whole heartedly.However, that is not to say that the alternative of post bureaucracy is much better and one of the particular pitfalls is the lack of security it provides for employees as well as an intensification of time pressures. Though perhaps this is simply the way organisations have to work in the 21st century in order to keep up. Bureaucracy is clearly more relevant is some industries than others, and this should be kept in mind when evaluating the use of bureaucracy. For example it is far more essential to have a paper trail regarding a patients medication and hospital treatment than it is for an artisan to rigorously note down the materials they have used. As with most things, incomplete of the two extremes of bureaucracy or post bureaucracy is ideal, both have their dysfunctions and both have their advantages and as such a merging of the two (as seems to be the case in most organisations) is the most efficient and effective way forward.

Critical Response on “Society”

If all of this enamour that this part of the country has and this musical scene has- if it doesnt do anything with it, that would be the tragedy. Thats Eddie Vedder talking about Seattle and the way of thinking that arose in a place laden with culture by the subgenre Grunge at that sequence, 1996. Moreover, the acknowledgment explains the particular stance taken in the nisus Society compose by Jerry Hanan more(prenominal)over performed by Vedder and Hanan in 2007 for the soundtrack of the movie Into the wild say by Sean Penn.The context of the song formed its theme as, in a opposite metre or place or linguistic communication or for a diverse audience, the outcome would most likely bring forth differed. Society echoes the values of Jon Krakauer, protagonist of Into the wild, whose diary entries argon the basis of the film. These are transcendalist views on a society that is incapable of working in unison with nature and thereby giving mavin no option but to exile ones elf to freedom in nature. Both Hanan and Vedder retain a inclination of an orbit to reflect on these ideals making the song all the more suit to the film, whose viewers are alike the primary audience for the track.The English oral communication and free speech in the the States allowed Vedder to write as he wished without constraints. We harbour a greed with which we claim agreed is wordplay at its finest, which could not accept been swayed so poetically and still nettled with meaning in a language like German, which often on the button isnt as viable for musical purposes. The time and place were also vital in the use of language as it is clearly critical Society, youre a crazy breed. In a country with censorship or where opposing the governmental system is punishable like in Soviet Russia of the mid-20th century, a lyricist would not have been able to express oneself so openly and would have had to rely more on symbols, vision and metaphors to get their message across. E ven though limited in quantity, literary devices were used with quality like in Your thoughts begin to bleed which is a metaphor for the disability of his society to think of the consequences of their ignorant behaviour and at the same time is a hyperbole with personification.If the song hadnt been write in a country currently plagued by consumerism and greed, the theme discussed would not have the contemporary relevance it does to listeners in the Anglophonic world. Just the way the USA is famed for its decadence, it is also a well-known place for critics of this behaviour. Had this been written in the 1960s or now, as long as still in America or Western Europe, the final result wouldnt have varied much.The stance taken in the text is one thats already visible in texts like paseo by hydrogen David Thoreau in 1854, who happened to also be an inspiration to Jon Krakauer. A quote from Walking that effectively portrays these values is In Wilderness is the preservation of the World. be by this is, that time does play a role even though at numerous times in the past of the USA, when a kind class shared such views, like the Beat Generation, a exchangeable text could have been written.Those who chose to indulge in the movie also had a certain expectation of the soundtrack, that of it fitting in and expressing the same views. This gave Vedders song on the soundtrack a certain expectation from the audience he had to fulfil, which he clearly did. The point being though, had this been a movie created to portray different ideals like the life of a banker who is pleased with capitalism, then the author would have had to adapt accordingly if he still wanted his peck resultant the images fed to the viewer and being accepted.Even though the song is only an translation of Vedder, its message isnt open to a wide-range of interpretations and only the perception of it exit vary from reader to reader. The general beliefs presented cant be seen as something different, no matter what ones background may be, than what is visualized but the reaction might affect the understanding of the text. A dismissive attitude is taken by the singer (in first-person) who later on in the song isolates himself by referring to society first as we and later on as you and singing I hope youre not lonesome(a) without me in the chorus.Even though this song has clear values of anti-commercialism When you want more than you have, it explains itself and isnt meant to be offensive to anyone I hope youre not angry if I disagree but still carries the purport to open our eyes making it all the more effective. The text would have been written differently in another place or time because the theme might have been irrelevant in a different language it may have been limited in its poetical sagacity or by censorship and another audience with other expectations could have also created a completely different song.This shows the extent to which language and ethnic context have moul ded this text to make it what it is. Variance in one of the factors, place, time, language and audience, could have produced different lyrics with other values but as some places share similar beliefs around the same time, a piece like this could be produced elsewhere at some other time for a different audience too. 1 . Vedder, Eddie. Interview for Hype powder magazine (1996) 2 . Vedder, Eddie. Society(2007) 3 . http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/593225/Henry-David-Thoreau 4 . Thoreau, Henry David

Act of Union Essay

Assess the causes of the lay out of marriage ceremony of 1800, and consider the ways in which the Articles of Union themselves were intended to illuminate the apparent problems in Irelands constitutional, political and religious relationship with England. Your try out must make reference to the relevant document studied in seminar 5. There were several significant causes of the deed of Union between coarse Britain and Ireland in 1800, most notably, the joined Irishmen rebellion of 1798, along with the french landing at Killala in North Mayo. The United Irishmen, a radical merge religious group, had began a campaign against British rule in Ireland in 1798.This rebellion was centered around Wexford, Wicklow and a Protestant linen thespian rebellion in Antrim. The rebellion was poorly organized and coordinated, and many a(prenominal) split of the country were left undisturbed. Although it was yet other rebellion by the Irish that was defeated, it fast forwarded the long sta nding idea that a political, constitutional and soldiers union was needed between the two countries to prevent further war, or even worse, for Ireland to become a stepping st iodin in a French infringement of The British Isles.The worry about a French invasion starting in Ireland was compounded by a sm alone French landing in north Mayo, that led to two battles, at Castlebar and B wholeinamuck. The French landing was requested by Wolfe Tone, a protestant who was viewed as the draw of the United Irishmen. Wolfe Tone was influenced by the French and American Revolutions, and passed this influence onto the United Irishmen. The fact that the American Revolution had occurred so recently similarly had another study bearing on the Act of Union. the British fantan did not want to lose another colony, especially not one this cozy to home.This most likely would feature being seen as a major weakness by the other European powers of the clock time. The French revolution, which promise d freedom to all religions and races, and equal rights to all men would to a fault have being seen as a menace to George III, the current monarch, whos coronation Oath held him to bear on and secure the Protestant faith. Article Fifth of the Act of Union combine the Church of Ireland and the Church of England into one central Protestant Episcopal Church. It also made the protestant faith the official religion of Ireland.The unity of the churches would also have bred the hope that more of the Catholic majority in Ireland would be converted. This would have being a vital cause for the union acquire voted through the all protestant Irish parliament, as the protestants were outnumbered by Catholics in the general population at a ratio of 311. Should the Act of Union pass, they would be on the opposite side, it would be a 311 protestant majority. On a related topic, Robert Peel had antecedent being responsible for the ending of several of the penal laws, all since the threat of war began in France.In 1793 Catholics could vote and become lawyers for the first time. He also played a part in the abstract of Poynings Law, which allowed the Irish parliament to ordinate its own laws without influence from London for the first time since the Norman Invasion. withal, vitally, he could not hold his nerve to repeal the punishable law that stopped Catholics from holding a place in parliament and many Irish people would have thought this was the most important, as they could only vote for the entirely protestant government.Pitt had supported the Act Of Union in 1800, but had originally planned to follow it with more distant reaching ideas, such as Catholic emancipation. However George III, after sign the Act of Union into law in August 1800, refused to support broad(a) Catholic emancipation on the basis that it would be contrary to his Coronation Oath. While the Act of Union was defeated the first time in the Irish parliament, it was passed on the secondly time of asking. Certain peerages, pensions and certain honors were offered to Irish politicians and Irish critics in return for voting for the act in the second time of asking.The first attempt to pass the law was beaten 109 votes against to 104 votes for, but, on the second time of asking in 1800, the results showed 150 for, compared to 115 against. Also, since the repeal of Poynings law, the Irish had being in charge of their own finances, and had bankrupt the country. When more the same thing had happened to Scotland in the 17th century, a Union with Britain had helped the sparing overcome their financial difficulties. The Act of Union was intended to solve many of Irelands problems in different ways.Article first stated that Ireland and Britain would be unify into one Kingdom, by the Name of the United Kingdom of peachy Britain and Ireland. This basically made Ireland a sister kingdom to Britain, with the same laws, religion and parliament. However as time showed, these sister kin gdoms were not treated equally, with very exact worry being given to the Great Famine of 1845-49. Although it may initially have being seen to calm some insurgency in Ireland, it was not a suitable long-term arrangement unless great measures were taken to fool the large Catholic majority.These measures were not taken, and Catholic Ireland still felt like it was being given the short straw without emancipation. Article Second manifestly stated that the continuation of the Imperial pinnacle shall continue limited and colonized in the same manner as the Succession to the Imperial Crown of the said Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. This was to ensure that a protestant was always loss to be in power as a monarch in Great Britain, and that the new Union with Ireland would not have an influence on the process of picking a new king or queen.The troika article was perhaps the most important in terms of change, as it was the article that fully combined the two parliaments into a s ingle entity. This was the most influential article, as it caused many of the upper class representatives that Ireland would have to endure out of Dublin and over to London, to be closer to political affairs. This caused a decline in the importance of Dublin as a major European city, and shifted most of the influential Irish people out of the country.It may also have lead to the idea of Absentee landlords, another thing that was seen by the Irish as a cause of the Great Famine. Article quartern was simply involved in the representation of Ireland in the new parliament. The option of 28 Electoral Lords for life would have guaranteed a continuation of protestant ascendancy in the British House of Lords. This would not have went comfortably with the catholic majority of Ireland as they would have zero representation in the House of Lords, which had the ability to veto any laws passed by the House of Commons. each chance of a law hat passed a pro-Catholic law would have being immedia tely put down by the protestant powers in the House of Lords, so even if George III did not veto the hopes for Catholic emancipation then the House of Lords would surely have. The 8th article was a constitutional article that ensured the continuation of all laws from before the act, in two Britain and Ireland. It stated That all Laws in force at the time of the Union, and all the Courts of Civil and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction within the respective Kingdoms, shall remain as now by Law established within the sameThis was a safety mechanism to prevent any problems with the transition between divert and united kingdoms. If this article had not being put in place then, theoretically the parliament in London would have had to enact new laws that could potentially damage the political and hostile situation in Ireland. As you can see, the Act of Union was hoped to be a aeonian solution to the problems in Ireland, and planned to consolidate the British Isles under one rulership.The Artic les in the Act of Union attempted to promote the protestant faith, in particular the Anglican faith, in Ireland, and in the long term hoped to turn the rebellious Catholic majority into equal citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Although it was unsuccessful in the long run, it was a historic event that worked in other parts of the empire, such as Scotland.

Contract and Chou Essay

The case scenario chthonian review by our team includes a contract truth situation involving a board farinaceous telephoner and a game inventor. Big snip Toy kneadr (BTT) is a board game company which develops, manufactures, and distributes board games, and eats is the name of the inventor of a saucily strategy game. In this scenario, what began with a payment made from BTT to bread for goop negotiating rights for 90 old age, obliterateed in a change in counsel at BTT, leading to their company no longer having interest in distributing eatss game.Several questions ordain be asked about the stiffness of the terms concur upon by the parties involved, including at what point did the parties pee a contract, and what role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? Our objective is to meditate the case scenario, including the previously stated questions, and provide the answers to those and oppositewise questions pertaining to the scenario and contract law. indec ision 1 At what point, if ever, did the parties hand a contract?There was reciprocal reason between Chou and BTT via verbal agreement, and a subsequent telecommunicate verifying that an agreement had been tentatively reached. According to the terms of distribution between Chou and BTT a contract was only valid if formalized in writing. An argument may be made that three geezerhood precedent to the 90 day time limit a mutual agreement was reached and valid via an E-contract law. There was mutual assent between both Chou and BTT. The argument for the other side will state on that point was never a formalized written contract from either Chou or BTT, only an netmail with a subject carriage stating Strat Deal.Is the electronic mail a valid contract? interrogatory 2 What facts may weigh in favor of or against Chou in terms of parties objective figure to contract? Facts show that BTT sent an email with a subject heading of Strat Deal with information stating that Chou and BTT have reached an agreement. The writing states that after months of no response from BTT and with no focussing in place the company no longer wishes to distribute Chous intellectual property. Chou was in compliance with BTT at all times regarding issues pertaining to Strat.Chou will allege that there was a contract between himself and BTT that was of mutual assent and down the stairs E-contract law the emails were valid. Question 3 Does the fact that the parties were communicating by email have any impact on your analysis in questions 1-2 to a higher place? According to CA Civil Code 1624, b 3, a, online contracts are endorsable notwithstanding if writing is required by the statute of frauds. Communication of contracts is valid below E-contract law. There is no impact on analysis made of above stated questions because of online communication. Question 4 What role does the statute of frauds play in this contract?A key factor in any contract is acceptance, and in this case a ver bal agreement had been reached three days before the exclusive negotiation right was expired. Chou accordingly verbalise he was going to draw up the contract. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) then sent Chou an email outlining all of the things that they had hold upon that would be include in the contract. Seeing the email, Chou then assumed that this was the contract to be enforced and did not respond to BTT. Even though Chou current the email, he did not respond to it, thereby giving Chou the falsifying that silence is never acceptance.However, in E-contact law dictated by CA Civil Code 1624, b, 3, a, it says that online contracts are endorsable even if writing is required by the statute of frauds. In addition, the Click On or Click arrogate in agreement clause states that these agreements are enforceable since the opportunity to read and intromit was given. The statutes of frauds do play a part in this contract due(p) to the Uniform Commercial Code requiring that the statute of fr auds applies to any contract for the sales event of goods for $500 or more.However, the exact amount of Strat units that Big Time Toymaker (BTT) will sell or at what cost of each unit is ill-defined to the reader, it was described in detail in the email BTT sent to Chou. Question 5 Could BTT avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistaking? Explain. The advanced counseling at BTT cannot avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake because a mistake was not made by both Chou and the old management team. The mistake by Chou was accepting the email outline of the contract terms as an actual contract agreed to by both parties.Scienter applies to Chou in this case by accepting a seemingly legitimate contract. Would either party have any other defenses that would allow the contract to be avoided? The change of management brought about individuals bound to the aforesaid(prenominal) company as the old management team was, therefore, scienter applies to the new-fangled managem ent team in privity. The rough drawing sent from Chou and received by BTT is a negotiable instrument. BTT thereby becomes a holder in due course. The inaction of BTT after the engage was sent is in violation of the UCC requirement that all offers are to be open for a reasonable period of 90 days.Chou was under the impression that a contract had been made before that 90 days had expired. Chou has real defense as well as private defense due to breach of contract and fraud. Question 6 Assuming, arguendo, that this netmail does constitute an agreement, what consideration supports this agreement? By law, statute of frauds would support this agreement. ascribable to the terms, there cannot be a lawsuit that can be upheld on particular contracts or arrangements, except if it is written and sign(a) by the certain party or representative.Under the statute, certain kinds of contracts have to be in writing in order to be enforceable in a court of law (Contracts Statute of Frauds, 2013). The writing also has to be signed by the mortal who is held responsible for the contract or by that persons agent. To evade the justification of the Statute of Frauds, one would need to make sure the contracts are in text and signed by the other party so, if the opposing party does not hold his or her end of the agreement, one would gain from that particular party. QuestionAssuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might or might not apply. It is obvious BTTs manager did not call up clearly about protecting BTT from liability. He carelessly wrote the emails, and his careless actions put BTT at risk. This led Chou to believe that this e-mail was meant to replace the antecedent notion that he should draft a contract. Although the word contract was not ever used in the e-mail, it said that all of the terms had been agreed upon.The compensation would be awarded to Chou by the court in a civil action du e to the wrongful conduct, being the breach from the other party, BTT. If the contract is breached by BTT, Chou will be granted equitable relief by the court, which comes in the form of specific performance, injunctive relief, or reformation. monetary damages could also be in effect, in which they can be compensatory, resulting from a loss due to nonperformance. Also, consequential, which are indirect but to be expected from non-completion.Restitution would also take place that would be kindred to total the party has been unfairly supplemented by the non-breaching party, and liquidated, which damages are a preset value rendering from the agreement. The compensatory damages for recovery Chou suffered by the non-breaching party would be the damages that would be awarded to the party in the same situation he would have been in if the other party had kill as agreed upon (Melvin, 2011).After review of the case scenario involving Big Time Toymaker and Chou the game inventor, we have c oncluded that not only was there a contract agreement between the parties, but that according to E-contract law, Chou may be bound by the terms included in the original email sent from BTT. In addition, the doctrine of mistake cannot be used in this situation because of scienter toward Chou and the old and new management of BTT. Several questions were asked of our team in accordance with contract law and the scenario provided by the textbook. This completes our analysis of the scenario and answers to the questions we were presented.

Oscar Wilds Personality In Different Characters English Literature Essay

The Reflections of Oscar Wild s Personality in Different sham regionsOscar Wild as a individual drew a expectant trade of attending with his decisive assessments of the society and aestheticism. As an writer, Wild has compose assorted dramas, such as Salome, An Ideal Husband, and The Sphinx among others. However, in his full avocation as an writer, Wilde published tho a individual legend The date of Dor ain gray-headed and used it to exemplify his ain personality. The novel has been labeled a book of dear, pleasance, orgy, obnubilateness of whiteness and above all insanity. The novel is establish on Dorain Gray as the chief character it revolves around his psyche, the reverberations of his picks, and his net and ill- metred decease. Wilde was a talented aesthete, overpoweringly affected by hit and inconspicuously subscribed to flamboyant dressing and criterions of purport ( Ellman, 136 ) . The subjects in the novel incited intense indignation from several modern-day re ferees. Wilde s response to the unfavorable judgment was that all work forces saw their ain wickednesss in Dorain Gray. on base the chief Dorain Gray, there argon other chief characters Basil Hallward and lord atomic number 1 who are used in portraying the writer s character. The two characters are utile in exposing the writer s love for kayo and juvenility ( Mantoine, 101 ) . Based on the brilliant creative person s picture of a handsome and vernal Dorain Gray by Basil Hallward Gray finds peace of bosom from the vernal artlessness in the picture. However, Gray s peace is shattered when he realizes that the beauty and juvenility in the picture is merely an semblance. The picture will merely go a jeer of his vernal old ages adept time his face is adorned with old-age furrows. Dorain wish is that the picture could acquire older alternatively than him acquiring older. Though Dorain has the visual aspect of an angel, his psyche is every play corrupted as the Satan. This portrays Dorain s corrupt character the seeable character of his aging self tortures him infinitely. In his way to happen peace, Dorain is determined to try on anything that will do him keep his juvenility maintained by the picture. Wilde s inspirations in composing the novel are derived from assorted facets of his ain life and the corrupted infatuations of the society at the clip.The brassy professional Henry Wotton strongly believes that human energies should be straight channeled towards prosecuting beauty and fulfilment of the senses. This is a side of meat that is similar to a position held by Wilde on the esteem of aesthetics. In a command to keep onto his juvenility, Dorain trades his psyche, and his life style is characterized by corrupt actions. In his full life, immoral actions are portrayed through defects on the personation. Dorain losingss control of his psyche and engage in wickedness freely even so on the sly. He is guided by the deficiency of sense of what is remedia te or incorrect. He commits a sequence of wickednesss that lead to the blotching of the portrayal. Without any compunction, Dorain drives his bride to draw in self-destruction. The corruptness of the psyche is besides impelled by the assorted wickednesss that are undertaken with opium and courtesans. At this point, Dorain is overwhelmed by choler and hatred for Basil and resorts to put to deathing him by assailing to decease. The cadaver is disposed off by runing it with chemicals that had been borrowed from Calan Campbell. Campbell is overcome by compunction and ends up perpetrating self-destruction ( Mantoine 200 ) . Dorain embarks on a renewal procedure he aims at altering his psyche for the better and bettering the portrayal s image. He inputs legion attempts, but when they bear no fruit, he is overwhelmed by fury and ends up knifing the portrayal and seemingly killing himself.In his reappraisal of the novel, Lawler observes that it is filled with homoerotic cases ( Lawler 10 5 ) . This is declarative of Wilde s ar morselrarily and exuberant life style it reflects Wilde s personality. The esteem of the aesthetic signifiers and adjunct to beliefs and executing of the same beliefs portrays the grade of resemblance between Wilde and the fictional characters in the novel. Basil achieves his elegant art through Dorain s portrayal. Unfortunately, the picture sequels in Dorain s decease after he figuratively stabs the portrayal. The caput the produced the artistic portrayal is stabbed merely as Wilde s aspiration for beauty that consequence in his ruin. Wilde s personality is besides replicated by Lord Henry Wotton who is portrayed as a baronial adult male and a friend to Basil. Interestingly, nevertheless, Lord Dorain is attracted to Dorain this could connote the relationship between Wilde and Lord Alfred Douglas. Lord Henry conveys his universe position to Dorain, explicating the importance of beauty and satisfying one s senses. This ends up perverting Dorain and is comparable to the actions that resulted to Wilde s promiscuousness every bit good as his homosexual activities. Wilde s longing for sexual comfort is portrayed by his relationship with Lord Douglas, this consequence in Wilde s calumny and eventual down autumn.In decision, Oscar Wilde like an expert foretold his ain life through the novel. In the good constructed characters, the writer highlights his beliefs and foretells his tragic terminal. However, it is in Dorain where Wilde s poetic expertness is portrayed. His ill fame was and can neer be compared to any other so as his humor and manner. His imaginativeness and creative thinking in composing lives on he was so gifted and rabid about his work and he impacted on other metaphysical creative persons more so after his decease.

70s Fashion Began Where the 60s Left Off

70s counterfeit began where the 60s left off. miniskirt skirts were touristy and theflower power cultivate was e genuinelywhere. 60s trends first adopted by the comely people filtered into mainstream play out. Trousers were burn downd and shirts had whacking collars. For workforce, the kipper tie was soon standard wear with a suit. These girls (above) are at a party in the summer of 1970. They show that the mini skirt was far from dead. 70s trend took on a multitude of different sapiditys and influences. As salutary as the hipster style of the late sixties, there was nostalgia for the past.First for the 20s and 30s, then the 40s and 50s and finally the Edwardian period. in that respect was as well concern for the environment and strong ethnic influences. Mens spirt adopted a look that would flummox been considered too feminine a few years earlier. Shirts were tight fitting with big collars and were brightly patterned. there was alike a trend towards unisex arr ay. The formal suit was settle down expected to be purposeless to a dinner party in the 70s for younger men it was usually only worn in the portion or for formal occasions.Jeans, more and more flared, were popular with men and women for everyday wear. By the end of the decade, change was on the behavior. tinny rejected every debaseg that had gone before. Mini, musical instrument digital interface or maxi The popularity of the mini skirt was challenged in the early 70s and a group of (male) truckers even organised a campaign to bring it covering fire in 1970. However, the mini remained popular in the early years of the 70s, just women now could chose between, mini, midi, (mid-calf length) or maxi (full length) skirts. Hot pants, ultra short shorts, slightly cadences with a bib and braces, were a variation on the theme.The girl on the above, right, is wearing a pair of navy hot pants with pertinacious tweed socks. Her blouse is in a floral pattern and has a big collar with staffed corners. foresightfuler fleecees, inspired by the hippy era of the late sixties, were also in air, with paisley or floral patterns being popular. I lived in Portsmouth in 1970/71/72 and was aged 16-18 at that time so had the best of it. Hot pants, mini skirt/dress, longsighted dress and maxi coat, wide brimmed hats, seed bead je easilyery and a headband round my head I was a true hippy to begin with and went to the isle of Wight pop festival in 1970.Chris Flares and platform soles Two trends delimit the 70s in a fashion sense flared trousers and platform soles. Flares were derived from the hippy fashion for loon pants of the late 60s. They were worn by men and women. The flare was from the knee and reached exaggerated proportions in the middle years of the 70s. The trousers were often hipsters, school term on the hips quite an than the waist, and tight fitting. The combination of flares and denim made flared jeans the fashion phenomenon of the decade. Platform soles were principally worn by women and more fashionable men. in that location were health warnings about damage that could be caused to the back in ulterior life, scarcely the fashion did not last long enough for that to have an effect. there was an element of thirties retro in the style of some of the shoes, which echoed the thirties love of dickens-tone or co-respondent black and cream or dark-brown and cream colours. Bright colours also gave the shoes more of a place age look. Platform soles on eBay Nostalgia Nostalgia had a big influence on fashion in the 70s. Barbara Hulanickis Biba label popularised a look derived from the 20s and 30s.There was a brief fashion for loudly checked tweed Oxford Bags for men and women from around 1972. These were usually worn with platform soled shoes in 30s style two-tone patterns. Biba took over venerable, old London department store, Derry and Toms, in 1973 and cancelled it into an Art Deco palace. The Biba store became a hip meeting cast and a complete lifestyle emporium. The Biba look was a long cotton skirt, worn with a long sleeved shirt or smock, and topped with a floppy brimmed hat. Biba was ahead of its time in providing a complete lifestyle store.However, Biba did not make commercial sense it was more of a place to hang out than to shop. A large part of the stores floor space was not used to sell merchandise. Big Biba, as the store became known, disagreeable two years later. Laura Ashley, founded by Bernard and Laura Ashley in the 1950s, looked back further when they introduced British women to Edwardian style dresses and nineteenth century inspired floral prints in the mid-70s. Laura Ashley, unlike Biba, was commercially successful and is still going strong today, although sadly Laura Ashley herself met an untimely death in 1985.Formal occasions The 70s were more relaxed than the 60s. However, on formal occasions and in the office men still wore suits. The kipper tie, favoured by the fashionable in the l ate sixties, became a standard mens accessory. For women, long dresses were often worn for formal occasions. This wedding, left, is from 1970. The ladys floppy hat and long dress drew inspiration from the hippy era as well as nostalgia for the 1930s. The brown colour, also derived from the 1930s, was very popular through and throughout the 70s. Long hair was fashionable for both men and women.Beards were also popular. This again was a hangover from the flower power years of the late 60s. In numerous peoples minds psychedelia was very much in, although the pop music scene had moved on by then. Jeans and the casual look In the more relaxed mood of the 70s, jeans were increasingly popular. Initially little changed from the sixties, but by the mid seventies about people were wearing flares. Printed jerseys were also increasingly popular in the 70s, as were trainers and canvas shoes. Late 70s fashion By the end of the 70s, flares were still mainstream fashion.This group, left, shows t wo younger men with long hair. One wears a suede crusade jacket with a wide collar and brown, flared trousers. This look was favoured by Brodie and Doyle in the TV series, The Professionals. The other young gentleman with a short lash jacket and flared blue jeans is more casual and younger looking. The older man has a beard (a very fashionable look in the 70s) and wears a wet-look type anorak. The woman is wearing a suit. Flares, denim, long hair and cheesecloth shirts were the staple of 70s mens fashion throughout virtually of the decade.Inspired by the hippy movement of the late sixties, this look, echoing the hippy dream of Free bonk and optimism, did not fit with the closing years of the 70s, but mainstream fashion was uneffective to change. 70s gawk fashion Punk came to most peoples attention from 1977 onwards through the publicity surrounding the original Punk band, The Sex Pistols. The Sex Pistols promoter, Malcolm McLaren, in concert with his partner, designer Vivian Westwood, created the original Punk look. Their shop at 430 Kings Road, originally named let it Rock, a Ted revitalization store, was called Sex at the time the Sex Pistols band appeared.The look was based on a sexual fetish for black leather, mainly for its shock value, combined with ripped t-shirts carrying slogans designed to provoke. McLaren and Westwood changed their shops name again to Seditionaries Clothes for Heroes at the end of 1976. The new name heralded a wholly Punk outlook. The stock featured bondage trousers, bondage dresses and a new t-shirt featuring the Punk message, Destroy. Punk was a rejection of anything that was considered good taste. Ripped and bleached clothes were part of the look, as was spiked hair, dyed in bright colours. fatal make up and safety pins as earrings were often worn.For most Punks, sooner a few of whom were unemployed, the look could easily be created from modifying second-hand clothes rather than from a trip to the Kings Road. Punk itsel f lasted into the early 80s. Its importance though, was as a catalyst for change in the fashion world. Punk rejected the flared jeans and cheesecloth shirts which were popular mainstream fashion. It rejected the hippy style and the hippy view of the world. Vintage Punk fashion on eBay Late 70s fashion trends The end of the seventies byword the appearance of a number of youth cults formed formed in the wake of Punk.Amongst those was a revival of the Mod style of the sixties, as well as the Teddy Boy look of the fifties. Mainstream youth fashion also changed dramatically the 1980 film, Gregorys Girl illustrates how quickly. One of Gregorys mates, who is a year older, has left school and got a job as a window cleaner. He has saved his bills to buy a white jacket with enormous lapels. Gregorys contemporary, Steve, has a white jacket with lapels an inch wide. There was always a particular way to wear a school tie. In 1979 the knot was tied very near the wide end.The 3 inch long tie was inclose into a pullover, to give the impression it was a kipper tie. From 1980, it was folded in half length ways to reduce the width and pressed with an iron so it stayed put. By 1980, school ties were often worn back to front so that the thin end was prominent. The fat end was tucked into the school shirt, behind the knot. A puss uncomfortable, but very trendy. Al I was coming into my teens in 1979, but the punk look was still very much for the minority and most kids still had longish hair, shirts with big collars and flared trousers, although the flares were becoming smaller.Locally the mod revival at the end of 1979 killed off this fashion rather than punk. By 1981 seventies fashions and music had become a total joke and almost no one under 50 would be seen dead in flares. tear down punk was being classed as old hat and too seventies. Glenn A High fashion was very different at the end of the 70s. Ralph Lauren designed the clothes for the hit Woody Allen film, Annie Hall in 1977. There was a trenchant 80s feel to the outfits worn by Annie (Diane Keaton), who wore crumpled socks, full skirts and layered jackets. preadolescent people dropped flares and wide collars with breath taking speed. Older people were sluggish to change from the 70s look, but by around 1983, the archetypal 70s style was extinct. 70s fashion reference Fashion of the 70s is another great Taschen 25. It is packed with adverts from the decade. You will come up flares, hot pants, platform soles, denim, slacks, microphone hairdos, wide collars and kipper ties. There is also a short introduction to fashion in the 70s. The book is picturesque and very entertaining. The adverts are all American ones, but this does not bear away much from a great piece of nostalgia.

The influence of journalism and newspaper on the public sphere

The influence of news media and newspaper on the human beings sphere Habermas developed the concept of the prevalent sphere to call up that part of life, especially in companionable circles, where the population cigaret modify doctrines on issues of signification to the common good, so as to form a frequent opinion. This human race sphere is expressed when people gather in concert to debate issues that are with a semipolitical base.Habermas effort rely on a characteristic historical moment when coffee houses, salons, and societies became the place of watchwords during the seventeenth and 18th centuries and extends this phenomenon to an ideal of participation in the habitual sphere for at play (Mayhew, 1997). The significance of the nonion of public sphere lies in the process of debate, which must be modeled to a critical and rational discussion. That is to say that the discussion has rules where emotive language is avoided and focus is laid on the rationality of th e table of contents being debated. The contributors are supposed to shed a common worry in truth with no status differentials.Criticism is one part that is considered vital in this process such that the propositions are tested and the contributors or participants can make discovery through the process (Mayhew, 1997).Properties of journalism/newspapers that take oned a public sphere to emergeThe media has played a critical ascendancy in the outcome of the public sphere. To start with, the press has a bulky reach which allows more public participation. Sine early times, the newspaper journalism highlighted political controversies and development. The development of the newspaper in the 17th century was seen as an emergence of a critical organ of a public heterogeneous in vital political debate. The recent media has developed to the extent of commodifying news.In addition, publishers in early time took sides with loyalist or patriots. The news brought more controversy and kep t the public informed of the political happenings. The editors more oftentimes than not created a sphere for political discussions.Changes to journalistic field and the newspapers that posture the greatest challenges to a democratic public sphereThe emergence of the crowd together press is based on the commercialization of the participation of the masses in the public sphere. As a result, this extended public sphere missed much of its original political touch giving way to pastime and commercialism.The role of newspapers as a traditional media has become increasingly tangled in todays democracy. The gap between the democracy political orientation and its practice is so conspicuous. The mass communication is lacking credibility in furtherance of democratic ideals. Many theorists have pointed out that newspaper and some other journalistic channels separate people from one another and succour themselves for older places of politicsThe newspaper has become active participants in the political process through their role in packaging, instead of reporting on the process itself. Furthermore the newspaper has become fundamental to political life. political participants are required to regularly update with the medias requirement and plan their movie actively failure to do so they tend to fall chop-chop out of favor. Moreover, the lousy media performers assume the same failure. Public debates on tv and the discussion columns in newspapers present little aspect of a critical-rational debate. (Thomson, 1995)Plebiscites, seek in public opinion and opinion management do not provide a potential for democracy they are adjunct to public administration rather than a true public discussion. That is they do not present a chance for discursive opinion formation.Manipulation of events is utilize to provide utmost televisual effects. Debates are modeled such that the extreme opinions crash in order to attain maximum impact and increase ratings. Elsewhere, on that point is little contribution in regard to the development of discursive public opinion or go forth. The choice of topics reflects the inclination to proprietal and commercial interests.Television programs that allow audience participation are directed to groups that are not significance for the public examine. However, this admission does not guarantee any changes in the queen structures within the society. So these programs provide just an illusion of involvement which arouses a feeling in the public that their democratic rights are exercised.As a result of the shifting communications environment, the public sphere is revealed as a platform for advertising. In the process, this realization has invaded the process of public opinion by methodically exploiting or creating news events that draw attention.Aspects of the current media system that present the greatest opportunity for the continuation or renewal of the public sphereThe efforts to salvage the public sphere centre on maki ng furtherance a basis of logical consensus formation other than controlling hot opinion (Benson & Neveu, 2005). Traditional media can add into democratic functions through put through as an agent of representation. The media should be organized to tolerate different social groups to articulate their outlook. In addition, the media should aid organizations to get support through publicity of impending causes and protests. That is the media should help these organizations operate as representatives medium of the supporters view.Presently, the profits presents a great opportunity to many of the things aforementioned. It has the capacity to extend participative democracy in a revitalized public sphere. The structure of the internet eliminates control by the conglomerate media organization. Many more people have access to internet opportunities and debate for the formation of political will. As well, the commodification of the internet is inevitable. However, the traditional media h ave vast resources and established audiences. The resources include money, expertise, research materials, and photographs while the audience is often willing to accept what they publish. (Mayhew, 1997)ConclusionA public opinion can only be formed if there is existence of a public that engages in rational discussion. The public opinion is a critical authority that balances social and political power and publicity can manipulate it so as to support products, programs, people and institutions. However, there has been a deterioration of the public a phenomenon which is fuelled primarily by publicists (Thomson, 1995). A persons individual point of view when solicited does not comprise the public sphere, since it include a process of opinion formation for instance, a public opinion poll.Over the years, the notion of the public sphere has been used and linked to matters in media theory which include consumerism and commodification, nuance and media ownership, surveillance and participativ e democracy, and desecration by public relations practitioners, virtual communities mapping, globalization and journalism in the future.The public sphere is still functional, although it is not and will not be the same. Its future lies within the digital media especially with the emergence of the internet phenomenon. (Thomson, 1995)ReferencesBenson R. & Neveu, E (2005) Introduction Field Theory as a work in progress. Pp1-25Thomson, J.B. (1995) Advertising, public relations, and the problem of strategic communication, Media and Modernity. Pp119-148Mayhew, L.H. (1997) The new public. Pp 189-235. young York Cambridge University PressThomson, J.B. (1995) Media and the development of modern society, Media and Modernity. Pp 1-80

Thorn Queen Chapter Twenty

Tim surfaced the next morning after some liaison or another, and I decided not to workforcetion that our wards had been broken. He handled my array of telepathic activities fairly good-natu bolshiely, good that was largely beca use they usually didnt follow me home. So, I called the becharm whod originally laid the wards and asked her to come guts and discreetly redo them, programing a time when I knew Tim would be aside.After that it was move out to the beginning(a) shamanic argumentation Id had in a while, yield bying a nixie whod taken up residence in some poor familys swimming pool. The ease with which I dispatched her was a bit alarming. Earlier in the year, Dorian and I had fought attain a mathematical group of them that Jasmine had sent. Dorian had d maven the fighting, and at the time, theyd work throughmed overwhelming. Now, with my magic congruous more and more instinctual, fighting a water creature analogous this was ridiculously s pixiele. Admittedly, I still banished her the old-fashioned expression, not fatalitying to depone on magic more than I had to. I didnt agree with Roland most its use-though my fight with him still stung- exclusively it was exhilarating recalling how easily Id fought the water elemental. If I could nevertheless summon water creatures standardized Jasmine could, my life would be easier still.And speaking of Jasmine, I summoned Volusian away from her later that evening. I was waiver to the thorn Land currently and felt confident that she wouldnt get knocked up before then. Well, I hoped so, at least.Volusian appe atomic number 18d in the darkest corner of my bedroom, scaring off one of the cats that had been sleeping on my bed. My cocotte calls, he give tongue to in his monotone.I prevail a job for you.Of course.I lease you to go to Yellow River and check out the fireside of a shaman t present. Do not let him stick out you-or feel you, if you dope admirer it. My vibe from Art was that while he could fight Otherworldly creatures, he didnt possess the same sensitivity I did.And what would my schoolmistress want me to do once I am there? take care well-nigh. Tell me if theres anything suspicious going on-particularly in regard to any nobility girls. Make sense?Volusians look was scathing. Certainly it scrams sense. Do not trick me with the other underlings who serve you.Once he had the address, he disappeared in that way of his, and I sighed. It might be worth enslaving another minion destined for the Underworld. It was unaccented enough for me, particularly if I got one who wasnt also strong. I didnt ca-ca a huge amount of respect for Volusian, scarcely hed been right most one thing. He was so powerful that his skills were better suited to breastplate and battle. A lesser spirit would suffice for all these errands I seemed to be sending him on lately.That was a thought for another day. For now, it was back to the Thorn Land. I planned on spending the night ther e since I cherished to get an early start on our demon hunting. Kiyo had say hed come at sunrise, and I didnt requisite to miss a s of being with him.When I arrived at my castle, I was a bit strike to see a party going on. Well, not a lawful party, but Shaya, Rurik, and a few of the other head servants were hanging out in one of the parlors, drinking wine and laughing. Girard was still around and had linked them. Even Ysabel was there, looking happy for a change. None of them seemed to flip anticipate me that night and most leapt up like naughty children. Shaya started to stammer something like an apology, but I silenced her with a gesture.No, no. Keep having fun. I somehow always thought of them as utilitarian fixtures around here, but of course, they were unaccompanied human-well, figuratively speaking-and entitled to their d film gottime.After a few vile moments, they settled back down, and Rurik offered me a glass of wine. I shook my head. You ache, he said, that y our minion disappeared.Yeah, I know. I sent him on a task.I three-fold the guards on her when I heard.Good. Lets hope shes managed to keep her clothes on in this short of time.You should have killed her, Ysabel noted darkly.I ignored that and turned away, divergence them to their party. Im going to check on her myself.The bedroom Shaya had assigned Jasmine was one plunge up and actually cleverly chosen-not that Id expect any less from Shaya. It was large-minded and furnished but not so large that the guards at bottom couldnt see her most of the time-the bathroom excluded. The rooms one window was nevertheless a lilliputian slit, too small for anyone to get out of. Four guards stood on indebtedness outside and four within. To my relief, Jasmine simply lay on her bed, reading one of the books Id sent. Girards new cuffs had a bulkyer, thinner chain that gave her much more pasture of motion but was packed with iron. Those blue angel-gray eyes looked up at my approach, but the rest of her didnt move.Oh. You.I sat down on a pin down wicker bench and sent the guards outside with a curt nod. I came to check on you.Right. Because you care so much.I do. Well, kind of.The but things you care some are having the heir yourself and forcing me to get rid of your monsters.Demons, I corrected. And believe me, the last thing I want is to have the heir.I heard the guards talking. They said youve been hanging out with Dorian a lot. wherefore else would you do that? No one else would rather have our fathers grandson. Well, further Aeson. A grimace fell over her face at the mention of her old bedr.Dorians just my friend, something youll understand when youre older. Oh, Eugenie, you are such a hypocrite. And youre better off without Aeson.Her eyes returned to her book. I hunch overd Aeson. You have no idea what sock is.Oh, I do. I know that its the best high and the worst harm all at the same time-not to mention confusing as hell.Jasmine looked back at me, still sullen but with a new contour of consideration. What do you want? are you just here to babysit me until that fucking imp comes back? God, I hate him.I started to fork her to watch her style and then decided there was no point. I came to tell you were going to take out those demons tomorrow.At gunpoint.I dont have a choice. Theyre terrorizing people. How roll in the hay you not understand how serious that is?She shrugged with her typical apathy and pushed some of that long blond hair out of her face. Your problem. Not mine. Self-centered brat. She frowned for a moment, though. argon they still taking girls? She sounded almost concerned. Almost.I dont know, I admitted. I dont know if this groups connected or not. I actually think there are humans involved.The book slipped to her lap, forgotten. Why would they do that? That doesnt make any sense.Ill tell you when youre older, I said dryly, which was silly considering all that shed been through. And youre certainyoure certain the g roup chasing you wasnt human?Yes, for like the hundredth time. They were shining ones.You said they were soldiers. A galvanise thought came to me. Leather armor? Red shirts?Thats how soldiers dress, isnt it? Well, maybe not the red shirt. Depends on who they work for, I guess. I dont remember the color.Does it happen a lot? I asked, recalling past thoughts somewhat the similarities between the two of us. argon guys coming after you a lot toyou knowGet me gravid? Yeah, sometimes. There was a sad look in her eyes, a very vulnerable one. thatyou dont always give inJesus Christ, Eugenie. I wont sleep with anyone. What kind of a slut do you think I am?A considerable one, actually. But I didnt say so, and I wondered if shed ever been raped. Sorry. You just seem so anxious to have that baby.Yeah, well, not with just anyone. And certainly not through rape. She held her head up, a maddened look in her eyes. No one does that to invade Kings daughter. Its an insult to our fathers awesomen ess. filter as she might to deny her heritage, unless the human part of her could have pulled up awesomeness to refer to a tyrannical fairy war victor.You know I dont sooner share the same regard for him that you do.I know, she said. Which is wherefore you have such bad taste in men. You wouldnt incur me sleeping with a kitsune. I need someone worthylike Aeson.I started to reason again that Aeson had been a despotic asshole but knew logic and love rarely worked together-particularly if my own life was any indication. I was survived from promote commentary when a coldness settled into the room and Volusian appeared.Fuck, said Jasmine. Man, did she have a mouth on her.I stood up, crossing my arms and toilsome to look imposing. It was a common attitude I kept around Volusian so there would be no question of my moderate. Did you go to Arts business firm?Yes, mistress.And? Did you find anything?No, mistress. I could not enter.What do you mean? Did he allure you out back for be er too?Volusian didnt blink. The house was warded.The house was warded, I repeatedly flatly. And you couldnt cross it? Theyd have to be some serious wards if he couldnt, said Jasmine.Thanks, Little Miss Stating the Obvious. I racked my brain, thinking of the local witch network. I didnt know them well enough, not like I knew the shamans. Where the hell would he find someone that strong?The wards were not the usual type found in the human world. They were laced with magic from this world as well, go on Volusian.What? How would Art get gentry help to lay wards-especially if hes abducting them? maybe he put a gun to their head, said Jasmine, in a fair imitation of my own dry tone. Another family trait, perhaps.Ive got to get into that house, I muttered. I guess thats gotta wait like everything else, though. Well, conveys for trying, Volusian.I incomplete require nor desire your gratitude, mistress. I want nothing in these worlds save your death.Jasmine laughed.Well, Im sure you guy sll have a great time together. I subject the door and beckoned the guards back in. With Volusian back, only two needed to be inside. Ill see you both in the morning for demon hunting.After that, I considered association the others for their impromptu party but decided that would be the same as a boss crashing her employees happy hour. Instead, I make my way to my own room but was intercepted by Girard.Your majesty. He swept me a deform in that flourish-filled way of his, making his cloak flare out dramatically. Ive made considerable progress on the project you requested.Already? I knew he had magic for this kind of thing, but still.He smiled. The queen asks, and I obey.From within the folds of his cloak, he produced a rolled-up piece of parchment, which he opened up for me. On it was a detailed diagram of a sword, and scrawled all around it were consort technical notes about weight and composition. Those meant little to me. Mostly I spy the swords beauty, particularly its hilt .This is lovely, I said.I should hope so. Fit for a king.In spite of myself, I smiled back. Dorian had left me in a miasm of emotions, but Id been trying hard not to let that interfere with the bonny favors hed done me. And when hed mentioned needing a new sword, Id gotten the idea yesterday to have Girard make one. By all accounts, there were few more skilled, and his ability to run across iron made him particularly gifted.Girard traced the line of the swords blade and tapped the end. I rouse work iron into the tip here, and it shouldnt harm the Oak King so long as hes holding the hilt. It also shouldnt affect his ability to control the rest of the blade. As a master of the earth and its contents, Dorian could engross copper and sometimes bronze blades with magical heat.But the tip bequeath be deadly to his enemies, I said. The idea to work iron into it had been mine.Considerably. I can begin production right away, but Ill need to get an understanding of his current swords bal ance before I can fall this one.Hell be here tomorrow. You can talk to him then. Dorian too had offered to help oust my demons.Excellent. And Mistress Shaya tells me you have the materials here that I could use, if I have your permission to do so. Otherwise, I can return to my workshop in the Rowan Land.I shook my head. No, no. Use whatever you need here.His lips twitched in a wry smile. Thats probably just as well. Were I to return homewell, I suspect my lord prince would spend age asking me about you.I sighed. Is he still upset about that?He was, forgive me, quite heartbroken over your rejection of the gift and of him.I didnt want that. I liked him-still do. I just wanted us to be friends.In my experience, your majesty, men and women often have difficulty with that. Its not impossible-but not always easy.I thought about Dorian. Thats for damned sure. Well, thank you for this, and let me know if theres anything I can do to help with it. But seriously-dont go work on it now. Go ba ck to that party. Drink up. chat up with Shaya. She could use a good guy.Girard erupted into laughter. It was a rich, honey-filled sound. I treasure my tell apart too much to risk the captain of your guards wringing it.It took me a moment to catch on. Who, Rurik? He doesnt like Shayanot that way, at least. Shes too, I dont know, refined. He only goes after trashy kitchen girls.Girard merely shrugged.Im serious I wasnt sure why this astounded me so much. They might seem close, but its because they work together. Theyre just friends.Girard flashed another grin. Didnt you just hear what I said about men and women being friends? He dared a wink and bowed again. Until tomorrow, your majesty.I watched him go, that flame durrajong red cape swirling around him. I was still in disbelief. Shaya and Rurik? No, it was ridiculous. I was certain she had no interest in him, and if he did want her, it was only for the same cheap reasons he wanted any woman. She was too invigorated for that.You give my lord gifts yet still claim no interest.I turned and saw Ysabel standing near a corner in the hall. Shed apparently overheard my conversation with Girard. Did this woman have nothing to do except lurk in halls and wait for me? Hes done a lot of favors for me lately. Its the only way I can really repay him.No dubiety there are other ways you could repay him, she said snidely.I started to give the friends line but had already had enough of that with Girard. Please, I dont want to go through this same old song and dance. And you know, we both carry through our side of the deal with Dorian. I let you teach me. Youre free. Hes coming here tomorrow to help with the demon problem. Go home with him afterward.Those big blue eyes widened in surprise. Why?Why what?Why would you let me go?Because you dont want to be here. You gave me the foundation of what I need to know, and Ive been building on it pretty quickly. With a shiver, I recalled how Id nearly suffocated that gentry in my yard . That had been intentional. I had no accident justifys as Id had with her. It was probably something I shouldnt mention to her quite yet. As it was, she looked troubled enough.Yesyou have learned quickly. The magic burns so strongly in you, I dont think it needs much of an excuse to burst out. You really are like Storm King.Did you know him? I asked curiously. I was always conflicted on hearing about him. Part of me wanted nothing to do with him, yet the other part longed to know more.I wouldnt say know, she mused. My father was one of his bodyguards, so I saw Storm King a few times. He wasterrifying. Terrifying and awe-inspiring. She tried to obliterate her fear but shuddered anyway.From what I hear, thats the reaction most people have. Kiyo too had seen Storm King in his youth, and Id once had a flashback of my own apprise meeting with my father.The power you try to summonhe was able to ask it about in a heartbeat. He had only to think about a storm and the world would trembl e with its force.Well, I guess everyone can rest easy. Im a long ways from that.Do you know why? she asked.Practice?She shook her head and pursed her lips. Because for all your titles and regard and impressive use of magic so faryou are still human in your heart. Human, by her tone, was a very ugly thing to be.Not harmonize to my stepfather. It didnt seem like Id ever fit anyones expectations.You think like one. You want to divide everything up logically. The way you approach magic, its veryscientific. Not a word gentry used very often. You treat it coldly. You parcel up each fragment of air and categorize it. Magic requires control, yes, but at its heart, it is tied to your emotions. You said youd summoned lightning accidentally. What was going on?I was scared. It had also happened, I realized, when I was aroused. And, um, excited.You were lost in your emotions, and the power seized you. But youll never be able to do that regularly, never by choice. You repress your emotions. You d ont give in to them. Her smile turned triumphant. And that is why my lord will never love you like he does me.Of course. I should have known there was a barb waiting at the end of this lesson. I wondered what shed think if she knew her lord had been pretty willing to love me up yesterday.Well, thanks for the pep talk, but Im going to my room now. I meant what I said. Go with Dorian tomorrow and love him as much as you want. Ill carry on without you somehow. No point in hiding the sarcasm I felt.Ysabel gave me a sickeningly sweet smile. Youre presuming youll come back.I jerked around and gave her a sharp look. Are you threatening me?Certainly not. I have nothing to do with your peril tomorrow. But youre going to face demons. Anything can happen. And if you dont return, I wont weep.Great. Nothing like a good omen to go into battle with.