Drugs Addiction

Al Akhawayn University Center for Academic Development Information Literacy Skills 1212 F all(prenominal) 2010 The causes of do dosess dependance watchful by ABDELAZIZ Under the management of Dr. AHMED KABEL The causes of do drugss dependance AddictionNowadays, drugs addiction is considered as adept of the to the highest degree widespread phenomena in our modern societies. E reallyone in this modern origination has become aw atomic number 18 of the dangerous consequences of being drug addicted, yet opium, cocaine, marijuana, tidy sumnabis, and close to(prenominal) other kinds of drugs set out been utilise for centuries and argon still widely used today by a large proportion of batch from several(predicate) age, sex, and economic status. But, before looking at the factors that push passel to encounter drugs, let us first define drug addiction. correspond to whitethorno animal foot for health check Education and Research (MFMER), do drugs addiction is a dependance on a street drug or a medication. When youre addicted, you whitethorn non be able to control your drug use and you whitethorn continue development the drug despite the harm it causes. medicate addiction lowlife cause an intense craving for the drug. You may want to quit, and most flock find they cant do it on their own. In fact, community often underestimate the building complexity of drugs addiction and the fact that it has become a contemporary illness that is similar to other chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, or heart disease.Moreover, m whatsoever plenty used to think that people addicted to drugs were clean morally weak hence, they believe that drug depravers argon able to stop this habit if they ar only willing to do so. However, recent scientific advances have allowed us to know much more(prenominal)(prenominal) about how exactly addictive drugs impact and change the intelligence, and how stopping drug poke fun is very complex and non only a point of willpower. But, the real problem is that many people still do not have a clear idea about the causes behind addiction.For most of them, according to Hamid Ghodse, the cause or causes of drug dependence are not known, or more specifically, it is not known why do most people become addicted while others in the same speckle do not (10). The causes of drugs addiction are numerous and very addicted with each other, but the most distinguished factors that interact to lead to this phenomenon are persons biology, mixer environment, and age or breaker point of development.It is, obviously, very important to determine whether genetical factors athletics a significant purpose in the process of addiction or not at all. Actually, conclusion genes which predispose to drugs addiction may undoubtedly be very instrumental since it will aid in the identification of the biological processes involved in the addiction condition and ultimately allow the development of treatments to counter act the vicarious end-point of the processes (Paul R. Buckland, 1769).Therefore, countless researches, studies, and genetic approaches have been ongoing for many years in order to find any association or linkage surrounded by genetic factors and drugs addiction. As a matter of fact, many of these researches could come up with great results and very useful conclusions. For instance, Hamid Ghodse stated in his book Drugs and habit-forming conduct A Guide to treatment that the discovery within the form of endogenous receptor systems for a number of psychoactive substances has revived bet in a link between drug dependency and genetic sensibility (19).In addition, according to the subject field Institute on Drug poke fun (NIDA), genes that people are born with, in combination with environmental influences, business relationship for about half of their addiction vulnerability. In the same context and quoting from experts, Abramovitz, genus Melissa wrote in her article titled Add iction that genetic factors that affect how the wag responds to drugs play a big part in pushing people toward drug addiction, and researches have found several genes linked to nicotine, cocaine, and alcoholic beverage addiction. Also, Mayo backside for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) reported that erst a person has started utilise a drug, the development into addiction may be influenced by inherited traits. Therefore, most of researchers confirm the idea that genetic factors play a crucial rule in the process of addiction. However, Paul R. Buckland came up with so many important results, which are in fact a little bit different from the ones stated above, by reviewing and evaluating almost all the studies and evidence that claim the existence of genetic factors in the process of addiction.So, he found that the phenotype for addiction to drugs is not well defined, and the heritability of addiction to drugs of abuse is far from clear and may be small compared to that of m any other complex disorders (1773). Moreover, he concluded saying that many candidate genes put ship so far as susceptibility genes may be misrelated to the underlying process referred to as addiction but, rather, are related to the appetency to take drugs in the first place (1769, 1770). But, that does not mean that in that location is no association between genetic factors and addiction process.In fact, Paul R. Buckland himself has corroborate that there are some genetic studies that have reported a great number of success and could ultimately find some linkage between genes and addiction, but he ended highlighting the need for pull down larger samples and new statistical methods or new experimental approaches to separate fully the genes involved in the disease process (1771, 1772). Of course, genetic factors are not the only cause behind drug addiction no one can become addicted to drugs if s/he has never started using drugs.Accordingly, there may be other factors that aff ect the predisposition to drugs abuse. Actually, a persons environment includes many different influences that reckon to play a significant role in initial drug use. At the first glance, it may spring to many peoples minds that local social problems such as poverty, ignorance, unemployment, break-up of local communities, drug pushers are the main causes of drugs addiction, but according to Hamid Ghodse these often-repeated phrases may well be causative factors,but they are not the causes of drug dependence (11).On the other hand, the interior(a) Institute on Drug execration (NIDA) and the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) both consider environmental factors, including ones familys beliefs and attitudes, exposure to a catch group that encourages drug use, the socioeconomic status and quality of life in general, as the most important influencers that shape addictive demeanor.In fact, Hamid Ghodse, also, illustrates these factors clearly by showing us how peer networks can provide opportunities for drug use and support this behaviour (16) and how the importance of peer networks reflect the support or lack of support that the minor is receiving at home and the importance of the parent-child relationship as a safety-related factor against the use of drugs (16).Therefore, he gives us some situations in which family may play a significant role in the initiation of drug abuse Factors such as family disruption, criminality and drug abuse of parents and siblings have all been identified as important predisposing factors for drug abuse subsequent on, as have inadequate or ineffective parental supervision and enforcement of ruleswhile satisfactory family relationships and climate, and emotional support to adolescents are influences that appear to ensure or diminish initiation into drug use, they can only be developed over a long period of time and attempts to pee-pee up for their absence by measures such as a distinct increase in paren tal control of the adolescents behaviour may lead to increased rather than diminished drug abuse (16). In addition to genetic and environmental factors, the age or the stage at which a person starts consuming drugs may have a considerable impact on the process of becoming drugs addicted. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Although taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, the earlier that drug use begins, the more likely it is to progress to more serious abuse. For instance, one study concerning alcohol addiction which is almost the same as the case of drug addiction showed that teens who begin drinking alcohol with their friends before age 15 are four times likelier to become alcoholic than are people who bear until age 21 to drink (National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), quoted in Abramovitz, Melissa). In the same context, Hamid Ghodse said that adolescent drug abuse is of particular importance not only because of the potential for drug-induced harm i n a young person but also because taking drugs in childhood and adolescence is a strong predictor for drug abuse in adulthood (17). Moreover, observations as such, he said, have led to theories that suggest that using one drug leads on the consumption of more dangerous drugs with a higher dependence liability (17).Besides, one other reason that we may discover when seeking causes that are related to the stage of initiating using drugs is prescriptions. According to Hamid Ghodse, most of drug-dependent individuals have personality disorders such as low self-conceit and confidence, high anxiety, low assertiveness, and tendency towards hypochondria, so they begin to take some sedatives and tranquillizers or even drugs as self-medication or as treatment dictate by a doctor to overcome these problems (15, 17). The problem is that many people become addicted to these treatments by continuing using them as Jeffrey Kluger shows in his article The New Drug Crisis Addiction by Prescription. According to Kluger many people become addicted to some prescriptions such as Opioid, Oxycontin, Vicodin, and Hydrocodone while assay to find a treatment to some diseases like cancer pain. In conclusion, it is true that taking drugs for the first time may be a voluntary decision, but factors such us persons biology, social environment, and age or stage of development undoubtedly play a considerable role in the process of addiction. Genetic factors that affect how the brain responds to drugs and environmental factors, including familys beliefs and attitudes, peers ethics and behaviour, and socioeconomic status, in addition to the culture and the age or the stage at which a person starts using drugs all contribute in shaping addictive behaviour.The problem with drugs is that once a person starts consuming them, s/he may not be able to give up abusing them hence, we should all be sensible that drugs addiction is not just a normal habit that we can stop whenever we want, but rather a complex illness and a serious disease that makes the consumer lose self-control and ability to make salutary decisions. In fact, drugs addiction is a contemporary chronic disease that can cause harmful long-term consequences not only on the substance abuser but also on those around him, but as a matter of fact we can prevent ourselves from all these troubles by just avoiding initiating its causes. Works Cited Abramovitz, Melissa. Addiction. Current Health 2 Sep 1999 26. Print. Buckland, Paul R. result We Ever Find the Genes for Addiction? Addiction, volume 103 number 11, November 2008, pp 1768-1776. Jeffrey, Kluger. The New Drug Crisis Addiction by Prescription. Time September 13, 2010 p46-49. Print. Ghodse, Hamid. Drugs and Addictive Behaviour A Guide to Treatment. London University of Cambridge Press. 2002. Print. Mayo Clinic staff. Drug Addiction, MayoClinic. com, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2009, web. November 2010. (http//www. mayoclinic. com/ health / drug-addiction/DS00183). National Institute on Drug Abuse, Drug Abuse and Addiction, MedicineNet. com, MedicineNet. Inc, 2010, Web. 21 November 2010. (http//www. medicinenet. com/ drug_abuse/article. htm).