A marketing analysis of a company

A marketing psycho digest of a ships companyINTRODUCTIONAs a personal credit line consultant to track and Lloyd, it is essential to devise a marketing plan for their fast sustenance channel, palatable Goodness. Before getting into the depts of marketing concepts and principles, it is important to inform dockage and Lloyd as to what marketing is. According to Phillip Kotler, marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups come what they need and want by means of with(predicate) creating and exchanging products and value with separates. It is the manner in which circumspection of a line of work goes ab protrude satisfying the needs and wants of consumers as a primary function of the chore.merchandising ANALYSISA marketing analysis of a company is a valuation into the pillowcase of market for the businesss products that atomic number 18 available to consume. This investigation is done through a thorough explore using marketing rays such as PEST analys is, SPICC analysis and pulverization analysis which would ultimately allow Bob and Lloyd to grasp an understanding into the type of market they wish to enter, making them aw ar of the possibilities of market gain or failure of the business and further implications on the potential of and the direction in which the business may be headed through identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the business. The marketing model of Wright, 1999 is shown in appurtenance 2 highlighting these analyses.PESTA PEST analysis was firstly conducted, as a measure of the macro environment of the business through the political, economic, social and technological aspects in which Bob and Lloyd may encounter.Although a recent change in government, the government keep mum supports the lineament of baseborn businesses in the economy. Bob and Lloyds business complies with the laws and can t herefore be advantageously approved as small company status. These laws argon put in crop to ensure that citizens be consequently benefited, for example it is required that the business make use of locally produced raw materials, creating jobs for nationals and that the business must(prenominal) be locally owned and controlled. Bob and Lloyd can as well as benefit of being privileged to assistance from the Business Development Company. The BDCs objectives atomic number 18 based on providing technical and financial support to small and medium businesses to empower growth and development whilst creating them to also be internationally competitive. Additionally, government has reduced collective taxes to 25% of the net earnings of small businesses, and has initiated entrepreneur of the year awards to encourage small business.The economics aspects such as exchange regulates and ostentatiousness rates must be considered in light of purchasing supplies that are not locally grown and in creating selling prices. Also, matters of diversity of income levels and pay r ates, variances of ages and the patterns of consumption deep down chosen geographic empyrean to conduct business must be initially reviewed. Furthermore, the social features of the area must be studied, that is, the various types of races and religions practiced within area which would affect sales during plastered periods of the year, such as Divali and Eid. The percentage of the grey market in area is also a concern, since the older folks would be more wellspringness conscious, however, Bob and Lloyd would be catering for those through providing grill nutrients. Technological factors are a necessity in business, Bob and Lloyd would develop to accommodate for the rate in which technological advancements is occurring. Thus, constant improvement and updates would be required as of new processes.SPICCSuppliers of raw materials within area would not be an issue, since at that place are various wholesalers and farmers within district. The only main concern here would be to develo p and maintain moral relationships with suppliers to ensure efficiency within the supply chain. The business must also incorporate social business within its local community which would ensure sustainability and good reputation. There are no intermediaries involved in this firm nodes can go flat into business and purchase. Customers satisfaction is well-nigh vital in marketing since they are the ones who have the power to make or break the business. Thus, customers satisfaction and behaviours must be closely studied when determining the type of fast food outlet. Competitors also play a major(ip) part in this market, there are many fast food outlets within decided area, because Bob and Lloyd would have to come up with concepts of distinctiveness (highlighted in appendix 3 via McKinseys 7Ss framework) that would make customers want to purchase from them.SWOT ANALYSISMARKETING SEGMENTOf the approximated 157,295 population of the San Juan area, about 60% is of the working populatio n. Due to globalisation and the fast paced lives of persons, it is estimated that about 80% of the working population would eat out and about 8% of that 80%, at an average of 5033 persons per month would violate themselves at Delicious Goodness in its first year. Since Bob and Lloyd can food for the health conscious and vegetarians, the targeted market is at ages 12-55. Bob and Lloyd would have a few local competitors since they specialize in a multifariousness of foods.MARKETING OBJECTIVEBob and Lloyds objectives are focused on customer satisfaction, by ensuring customers get good values for their monies spent on products and, through the high levels of customer operate and provision of after sales service capture a larger portion of market share in the short run. In the long run though, they wish to mature, innovate and reckon the business and compete at an international level.MARKETING MIXThis tool is used as a major concept in presentational marketing it consists of Prod uct, Place, Price, Promotion, People, Process and Physical evidence. Bob and Lloyd would provide a kind of high quality, mouthwatering dishes made by the finest chefs in the region, targeting customers needs and wants. Place of the business is usually intended as a location of convenience to twain Bob and Lloyd and to consumers. The San Juan area is a genuinely developed and fast maturement region in all aspects. There are no major channels of distribution existing here but one, the customer today goes into restaurant and purchase. Pricing of products is as per going rate of price as a result of the type of market, a market for fast food products. Though prices are set at this rate, Bob and Lloyd are still making profits on each unit to cover other costs it is the only marketing tool which produces revenues. Promotion of products is major role in marketing, because it allows communication of and educating the public of the products provided. Bob and Lloyds means of doing so was through direct marketing of handing out flyers, the traditional mic-man passing around the area, net advertising through the Express Newspaper classified as well as social networking through Facebook and twitter. In this case social networking is most effective as feedback is readily available, which is an important tool in edifice the business, and it is free. Delicious Goodness is set to be launched on 31st March, 2011 at the restaurants compound a short, formal opening ceremony is planned with evaluate featured guest, MP for the area, Dr. Fuad Khan, and an appearance by home-grown superstars H2O phlo to aid in gaining initial social status. Dr. Khan and the guys of H2O are good friends of Bob and Lloyd.People are the backbone of a company. With integrated networking practiced at Delicious Goodness, it allows participation in decision making, assistance in solution issues and overall building good team working. Thus, Bob and Lloyd would benefit in having motivated and reliabl e employees resulting in satisfied customers through high standards of run provided and great tasting food. Additionally, the processes in which customers are serviced would be competent and professional, and customer friendly oriented. The physical evidence would be the employees and the efforts put in place of creating a soothing, welcoming and blissful ambience of the restaurant.BRANDINGThis is very important in this type of market since it distinguishes the qualities, appearances and tastes of the same products provided, by various suppliers, hence allowing consumers to intimately identify their choice of product. A suggested sign logotype for Bob and Lloyds product is available in appendix 4. As an upcoming business in a market with many competitors it is recommended that Bob and Lloyd brand their products, especially since consumers would want to remember the brand as of first season tasting. It would also make the process of word-of-mouth of the product simpler, hence easily gaining greater market share and good reputation.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, it is recommended that Bob and Lloyd analyze the market from time to time with regards to the constant changes taking place in the economy. This would allow the business to flourish in the possible innovation and creations of food products, due to first-hand knowledge of the various changes occurring or it can also allow the company to brace itself if there should be a blow in economy.Word Count 1482 words

Crohns Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Crohns infirmity Causes, Symptoms and TreatmentsINTRODUCTION TO NUTRITIONCROHN DISEASEIntroduction to nutrimentCrohn indispositionIntroduction provender is characterized as the methods by which a cock or plant divides in and uses nourishment substances. Vital supplements incorporate protein, carb, fat, vitamins, minerals and electrolytes. Regularly, 85% of day by day alertity use is from fat and starches and 15% from protein. In people, nourishment is primarily attained through the procedure of placing fundings into our mouths, biting and sw eachowing it. The obliged measures of the key supplements contrast by eon and the acres of the body, for instance physical action, transmissions present (e.g. prostate disease, breast tumor or debilitated b wholenesss known as osteoporosis), pharmaceuticals, pregnancy and lactation.Sustenance is crucial for development and advancement, and wellbeing. Consuming a solid pick up methodological analysis back ups anticipating future disease and enhancing quality and length of life. Your therapeutic status is the state of your wellbeing as controlled by what you consume. There argon a hardly a(prenominal) methods for evaluating dietary status, including anthropometric (i.e. physical body estimation), sustenance admission and biochemical estimation.Your body mass list (BMI) is a great pointer of your healthful status. It con slopers your weight and tallness, and relates well with aggregate muscle to fat quotients communicated as a rate of body weight. The fel number oneship relies on upon age, with the closely astounding race seen in ages 2655 years and the least in the immature and the elderly. On the off chance that you take your weight in kilograms and spreading it by your tallness in meters squ argond, the figure you acquire is your BMI (Ameri batch Diabetes Association 2008).What Is Crohn infirmityCrohns unhealthiness, otherwisewise called Crohn syndrome and territorial enteritis, is a riddle of i ncendiary catgut infection (IBD) that whitethorn influence any some enchantment of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to butt, bringing on a wide mixed dish aerial of manifestations. It principally causes stomach torment, looseness of the bowels (which may be grisly if incitation is serious), heaving, or weight loss, yet might to boot cause complexities out-of-door the gastrointestinal tract, for example, paleness, skin rashes, joint inflammation, mood of the eye, tiredness, and absence of concentration.Crohns ailment is brought active by collaborations between ecological, immunological and bacterial components in hereditarily protagonistless individuals. This results in a ceaseless exciting issue, in which the bodys resistant framework presume the gastrointestinal tract conceivably coordinated at microbial antigens. magic spell Crohns is an invulnerable related sickness, it doesnt seem, by all accounts, to be an immune formation infection (in that the insusceptible framework is not being activated by the body itself). The c arful underlying safe issue is not decease in any case, it may be a safe wishing state(DHaens, et al. 2008).What are the Causes of this Disease?Crohns illness appears to be created by a blending of ecological components and hereditary predisposition. Crohns is the first hereditarily perplexing ailment in which the relationship between hereditary danger shiftings and the invulnerable framework is seen in extensive detail. Each individual danger transformation makes a minuscular commitment to the general danger of Crohns (pretty nearly 1200). The hereditary information, and nimble appraisal of resistance, discusss a glitch in the characteristic insusceptible strategy. In this view, the perpetual aggravation of Crohns is brought on when the versatile safe framework tries to gear up for an inadequate intrinsic resistant framework(Brest, et al. 2011).How do you Diagnose Crohn Disease?The conceit of Crohns ailment depo se here and there be challenging, and various tests are frequently needed to succor the doctor in making the diagnosis. until now with a full battery of tests, it may not be reasonable to diagnose Crohns with complete sureness a colonoscopy is roughly 70% executable in diagnosing the sickness, with further tests being less compelling. Ailment in the little gut is especially troublesome to diagnose, as a public colonoscopy permits access to just the colon and more(prenominal) level segments of the down(p) mother wit presentation of the case endoscopy supports in endoscopic analysis. Multinucleated titan cells, a representative finding in the injuries of Crohns illness, are less normal in the sores of lichen nitidus (Desmond, et al. 2008).What are the Symptoms?bdominal ache may be the beginning side effect of Crohns unhealthiness. It is on a regular basis joined by looseness of the bowels, particularly in the individuals who wear had mathematical process. The runs could c onceivably be bleeding. The way of the runs in Crohns ailment relies on upon the piece of the small digestive system or colon included. Ileitis normally brings about red-blooded volume, watery defecation. Colitis may bring about a small volume of excrement of luxuriouslyer recurrence. Fecal consistency may go from robust to watery. In extreme cases, an individual may have more than 20 solid discharges for every day and may need to farm during the evening to defecate. Visible draining in the excrement is less introductory in Crohns sickness than in ulcerative colitis, notwithstanding may be seen in the place of Crohns colitis. Bloody defecations regularly come and go, and may be brilliant or dull red in shade. In the setting of serious Crohns colitis, draining may be copious. Flatulence and bloating may additionally add to the intestinal discomfort.Manifestations brought about by intestinal stenosis are likewise regular in Crohns infection. Stomach ache is regularly most(pre nominal) extreme in territories of the inside with stenosis. Constant spewing and queasiness may demonstrate stenosis from little entrails check or infection including the stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. Although the acquaintanceship is more amazing in the connection of ulcerative colitis, Crohns illness might likewise be connected with essential sclerosing cholangitis, a benevolent of aggravation of the bile ducts.Perianal distress might additionally be unmistakable in Crohns malady. Irritation or agony around the lavatory may be suggestive of aggravation, fistulization or boil around the butt-centric theatre or butt-centric crevice. Perianal skin labels are additionally regular in Crohns disease. Fecal incontinence may go playscript in hand with perianal Crohns malady. At the inverse end of the gastrointestinal tract, the mouth may be influenced by non-mending bruises (aphthous ulcers). Infrequently, the throat, and stomach may be included in Crohns infection. These shag resul t in manifestations including trouble swallowing (dysphagia), upper stomach agony, and regurgitating(DHaens, et al. 2008).What are the Treatments?Intense music utilizes prescriptions to treat any contamination (regularly anti-toxins) and to diminish irritation (typically amino group salicylate mitigating medications and corticosteroids). At the point when manifestations are disappearing, medicine enters up march on, with an objective of contrivance the repeat of side effects. Delayed utilization of corticosteroids has critical reactions thus, they may be, all in all, not utilized for long haul medicine. Choices incorporate amino salicylates alone, however just a minority can stay up the medication, and numerous oblige immunosuppressive drugs. It has been likewise proposed that anti-microbial change the enteric vegetation, and their morose utilization may represent the danger of excess with pathogens, for example, Clostridium difficile.Prescriptions utilize to treat the manifest ations of Crohns illness incorporate 5-aminosalicylic corrosive (5-ASA) plans, prednisone, immunomodulators, for example, azathioprine (given as the prodrug for 6-mercaptopurine), methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab and natalizumab. cortisol ought to be utilized as a part of extreme thrill of Crohns disease.The slow misfortune of blood from the gastrointestinal tract, and additionally interminable aggravation, regularly prompts paleness, and expert rules propose routinely checking for this. Adequate malady control typically enhances sickliness of constant infection, yet press insufficiency may oblige medication with iron supplements. Rules change regarding how iron ought to be managed. Some exhort parenteral iron as first line as it works speedier, has a couple of(prenominal)er gastrointestinal symptoms, and is unaffected by irritation decreasing enteral immersion (Brest, et al. 2011).What other Problems Caused by Crohn Disease?Crohns infection may prompt one or a greater amount of the accompanying inconveniencesBowel closureCrohns malady influences the thickness of the intestinal divider. About whether, parts of the inside can thicken and restricted, which may hinder the stream of digestive substance through the influenced some piece of your digestive system. A few cases oblige surgery to evacuate the infected share of your gut.UlcerIncessant aggravation can prompt open bruises (ulcers) anyplace in your digestive tract, including your mouth and rear-end, and in the genital zone (perineum) and rear-end.FistulasSome of the term ulcers can augment all told through the intestinal divider, making a fistula an unusual association between distinctive parts of your digestive tract, between your digestive system and skin, or between your digestive tract and an alternate organ, for example, the bladder or vagina. At the point when interior fistulas create, nourishment may sidestep zones of the gut that are fundamental for ingestion. An outer fistu la can result in consistent seepage of inside substance to your skin, and in a few cases, a fistula may get tainted and structure a ulcer, an issue that could be life-debilitating if left untreated. Fistulas around the butt-centric region (perianal) are the most widely recognized sort of fistulas (Desmond, et al. 2008).How to Prevent Crohn Disease?Crohns sickness, a sort of provocative gut infection, is an interminable issue that cant be completely anticipated or cured. Since the manifestations of Crohns illness show up as short, wicked flare-ups, it may be useful to comprehend approaches to keep Crohns malady and settle the seriousness of the co-partnered side effects.Crohns Disease, otherwise called incendiary gut illness, avoidance methodologies can serve up to deal with the manifestations and decrease the shots of backslide.Instructions to Prevent Crohns Disease nullify push on the digestive tract by having little, visit dinners. It is advance to consume 5-6 little suppers in a day than 2-3 expansive dinners. accompany a low fiber, however generally adjusted eating methodology. An eating methodology high in fiber may disturb frenetic intestinal dividers.Eat ready bananas, fruits, curd, and pureed vegetables since they help to keep up lofty intestinal greenery.Eliminate wheat, wheat items, and lactose-holding sustenances from your eating methodology. despite the fact that wiping out these nourishments does not straightforwardly straightforwardness the manifestations of Crohns illness, it wills simplicity the side effects of heartburn and bloating.Because anxiety can worsen the indications of Crohns ailment, unwinding strategies, for example, yoga, recoilion, and moderate animate may be useful.Avoid stimulants like tobacco and juice, practice normally, keep up an inspirational disposition, and get sufficient slumber to help keep Crohn disease (Krzystek, t al. 2010).Lifestyle ChangesCertain lifestyle progressions can fall indications, including d ietary alterations, basic eating viands, fitting hydration, and smoking end. Smoking may build Crohns infection halting is suggested. Consuming little suppers much of the time rather than enormous dinners might likewise help with a low hunger. To oversee side effects have an adjusted eating methodology with legitimate bit control. Weakness can benefit from outside disturbance with general work out, a sound eating viands, and enough rest. A sustenance journal may help with recognizing nourishments that trigger manifestations. Some individuals ought to take after a low dietary fiber eating regimen to control manifestations particularly if stringy nourishments cause symptoms. Some discover help in disposing of casein (protein found in cows milk) and gluten (protein found in wheat, rye and texture) from their eating regimens. They may have particular dietary intolerances (not uncomplimentary susceptibilities)(DHaens, et al. 2008).Food that may help Ease the Crohn Symptoms?The suste nances that you launch into your body can have an effect on the seriousness of your Crohns manifestations. Crohns patients distinguish different nourishments as triggers, and others as sustenances that help straightforwardness indications. In any case, both triggers and force nourishments are exceptionally variable and individual in their articulation what works for one man may not work for another person, or may even exacerbate indications.Few of them are as followsYogurtLive-society yogurt might be an incredible nourishment to consume on the off chance that you be the ill effects of Crohns illness. The probiotics in this type of yogurt can help in helping with recuperation of the digestive system.Oily Fish faux pas fish, for example, salmon, fish, and herring may help with some of your Crohns manifestations.Food VegetablesAn eating regimen holding a lot of foods grown from the ground can help make manifestations less extreme. On the off chance that, on the other hand, you find t hat crude tree grown foods compound an let out, try unsweetened fruit pure and bananas a try.Cooked CarrotsFor some Crohns patients, carrots might be an uncomparable vegetable for getting your fill of supplements without disturbing indications. Throughout a Crohns erupt make certain to cook the carrots until theyre delicate and delicate, as cooked carrots arent just artless to process.CerealsIn the event that you experience the ill effects of Crohns, you may intend that it accommodating to maintain a strategic distance from cereals that are high in fiber, particularly entire wheat or entire grain grains. Nonetheless, there are sure oats with low measures of fiber that will help you get your nourishing prerequi state of affairss. These incorporate refined oats, for example, Cream of Wheat, and dry grains, for example, modified K, Corn Flakes, and Rice Krispies(American Diabetes Association 2008).What % of People has Crohn Disease n U.A.E?Crohns Disease is an incendiary sickness of the digestion tracts that may influence any a piece of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the butt. Crohns Disease influences roughly one in 1500 people in the UAE, influencing somewhat more ladies than men. Youngsters between the ages of 20 and 35 are most influenced, and once you have it, you will dependably have it, despite the fact that the signs and indications may change about whether in their earnestness.Specialists have voiced the need to push mindfulness and understanding of the sickness, as patients frequently experience the ill effects of their indications in quiet for dread of humiliation. Indications of Crohns Disease incorporate stomach torment, ulcers, crevices, and looseness of the bowels, blood and bodily fluid in the stools. Sufferers likewise report feeling the need to go to the lavatory however having nothing to pass. A general feeling of being unwell having a misfortune of hunger, fever and tiredness is likewise regular (Krzystek, t al. 2010). culmi nationMucosal mending is turning into the standard for evaluating remedial adequacy in Crohns ailment. Endoscopic assessment and cross-sectional radiographic visualise are the ii generally utilized modalities as of now available to us for evaluating malady action. Endoscopic assessment will dependably have a vital part because of the open door to biopsy and perform remedial intercessions. Be that as it may, less obtrusive cross-sectional imaging gives lovely pictures of the gut and embrace tissues that loan astonishing knowledge into illness pathology. The eventual fate of imaging is in tackling the tremendous capability of the methods to evaluate infection pathology as they reflect aggravation and fibrosis, and to utilize that data to foresee illness course and previse confusions. This will permit another time of better nurture provocative inside malady patients, wherein the utilization of intense biotic helps is guided by imaging notwithstanding patient side effects (Krzystek, t al. 2010).ReferencesAmerican Diabetes Association. (2008). Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes A position statement of the American Diabetes Association.Diabetes care,31(Supplement 1), S61-S78. Retrieved http//www.wsjsw.gov.cn8089/gate/big5/care.diabetesjournals.org/ core/31/Supplement_1/S61.full.pdfDHaens, G., Baert, F., Van Assche, G., Caenepeel, P., Vergauwe, P., Tuynman, H., Hommes, D. (2008). Early combined immunosuppression or conventional solicitude in patients with newly diagnosed Crohns disease an open randomised trial.The Lancet,371(9613), 660-667. Retrieved http//www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/ word/PIIS0140-6736(08)60304-9/fulltextBrest, P., Lapaquette, P., Souidi, M., Lebrigand, K., Cesaro, A., Vouret-Craviari, V., Hofman, P. (2011). A synonymous variant in IRGM alters a binding site for miR-196 and causes deregulation of IRGM-dependent xenophagy in Crohns disease.Nature genetics,43(3), 242-245. Retrieved http//www.nature.com/ng/journal/v43/n3 /full/ng.762.html%3FWT.ec_id%3DNG-201103Desmond, A. N., ORegan, K., Curran, C., McWilliams, S., Fitzgerald, T., Maher, M. M., Shanahan, F. (2008).Crohns disease factors associated with exposure to high levels of diagnostic radiation.Gut,57(11), 1524-1529. Retrieved http//gut.bmj.com/content/57/11/1524.shortKrzystek-Korpacka, M., Neubauer, K., Matusiewicz, M. (2010).Circulating midkine in Crohns disease Clinical implications.Inflammatory bowel diseases,16(2), 208-215. Retrieved http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ibd.21011/full

UK Government Guidelines on Food and Nutrition

UK Goernment Guidelines on regimen for thought and NutritionNutrition is the term used for the science or study of victuals and how the body uses the constituent s of sustenance (Carolyn C., viands Nutrition and How the Body Works, P.23)Children require the right amount of vitamins and minerals to promote reasoning(a) developing, therefore the UK administration has set guidelines for babies and pip-squeakren food consumption to promote red-blooded development.The Food Standards Agency is responsible for food safety and food hygienics across the UK. The Food Standards Agency earns closely with local post enforcement officers to make sure food law is applied throughout the food chain. The Food standards Agency enforces good food hygiene through the hygiene rating and a nestling conduct provider must be able to per cook to a good rating. The rating is from a main office base of 0 5.The main government guidelines on food and nutrition throw out be identified in the tab le be embarrassedBIRTH TO 6 MONTHS6-9 MONTHS9 MONTHS +Breast take out or infant formula is the all food that a child needs from birth to 6-months. In the child awe place breast milk must be properly stored to prevent food poising .Adequate sterilization and hygiene must be well- unbroken for both breast milk and infant formula.Various ranges of inclined(p) food and cereals atomic number 18 available for baby consumption and these could also be prepared and pureed at home, frozen into ice cube trays and used when needed.Along with brawny fruits and cereal snacks, breast milk and infant formula send packing til now be given.For hungry babies weaning process begin ealier, though government guidelines states that solid food should be introduced after 6months.Child contend provider has to countermand some food types such as Eggs, Liver, fish, shellfish, nuts, seeds, wheat and gluten-based food, unpasteurised and yielding cheese.Babies provender should include milk and dairy , fruit and vegetables, meat, fish, ball and beans, rice, potatoes and starchy foods and these should be observed by the child care provider in a child care position for healthy livingThe recommended guideline for inspection and repair of solid food portion from 9 months is 2 servings per twenty-four hour period of meat, fish, eggs and pulses3 to 4 servings per day of fruit and vegetables3 to 4 servings per day of potatoes, bread and rice.Vitamins drops may still be given to supplement the vitamins A , C , and D got from food as advised by the section of Health to prevent children lacking these vitamins.Vitamin A helps children to see in plunge light, supports and strengthen the immune corpse and ensure healthy skin.Vitamin C helps the ducking of iron and supports immune system.Vitamin D helps strengthen bones and assist the compactness of calcium.All these must be maintained by the child care provider to achieve healthy lifestyle for the children.TYPES OF FOOD THAT ARE discordant FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDRENAny food and drink provided by the childcare setting should be properly prepared, nutritious and comply with any special dietetic requirements. (Teena K, Childrens Care acquisition and Development, P.128)Government guidance on food considered to be unsuitable for babies and young children is key for both parents and child care providers. The food type that is unsuitable for babies and young children are scraping, dearest, wacky, Eggs, Raw shellfish, Foods low in Fat, Swordfish, Shark and Marlin.Sugar wee-wees acid erosion which is the main cause of similarlyth decay in children. Young children should avoid sugar especially sweet-flavored drinks and snack which are majorly in pre-packed convenience foods. Child care provider must ensure that children are encouraged to take only body of water and milk and avoid fizzy drinks and sugary snacks to prevent tooth decay which affects the milk teeth. Good.Honey It is naturally believed that t his liquid gold is better for consumption that washrag refined sugars barely for infant down the stairs 1 course of instruction of age, ingesting honey is unsuitable for their health and wellbeing. Honey may be contaminated by bacteria called Clostridium botulinum though not harmful to great(p) but grows in the gastrointestinal track of babies below 1 year and cause a medical ascertain called Infant Botulism. One of the symptoms is constipation, child failing to feed and later lethargy which manifest months after consumption of spores, which grows in the gastro-intestinal track of infant as they grow and releases toxins into the bloodstream. Infant Botulism in babies burn be treated with artificial Ventilation in incubator and a drug named botullinum Immunoglobulin (BabyBIG).Salt It is one of United Kingdom almost excessively consumed minerals. Salt is dangerous for babies because their kidney cannot process the salt the way an braggy kidneys can. It is important for paren ts and child care providers to prepare food for babies at home and avoid processed convenience foods, as recommended in the guidelines by Food Standards Agency in the salt consumption table belowThe recommended maximum daily salt intake for infant children and adultAge come in average salt intake (g/d)0-6 monthsLess than 17-12months11-3years24-6years37-10 years511 years+6Nuts Nuts can cause choking hazard in children low 5years especially whole nuts. From NHS learning, percentage of population affected by earth-ball allergy is 1%.Childcare provider must ensure that children with allergy reaction to nuts or who have siblings with allergy to nuts should not be given nuts with parental consent.Eggs Eggs should be avoided for babies below 6months, especially if a family member has egg allergy. Babies delicate intestinal system reacts to protein in eggs up to the age of 6months and after 6months child care provider must ensure that egg is well cooked to reduce the risk of infecti on of salmonella infection in eggs which causes diarrhoea and vomiting.Swordfish, Shark and Marlin These have levels of hectogram which can be detrimental to the growth of a baby neuronic system. If the recommended limit is exceeded, it allows a toxic build-up in children and adverse effect on the central nervous system and cause impairments in movement and cognitive brain function by displacement of essential neurons.Foods low in fat Children should be given whole milk yoghurt fromage frais, as children get essential nutrients and energy from foods containing fat and this is not present in low fat food. The fat containing food can be slow reduced after the age of 2years.Raw Shellfish shellfish should be avoided in children as it is allergenic and contains salmonella bacteria that cause food poisoning. It should be avoided until older age.CHILD RECORD FORMChild record form for a new child in child care setting with specific dietary requirementsCHILD RECORD FORMTo be stainless and signed by the parent/guardian/carer and given to the childminder.Childs nameJoy IdaraDate of birth23/11/2009Home address44 Well road, Colchester, EssexPost CodeCO4 0AZTelephone occur 074 fire/Guardian/Carers NameEsse IdaraAddress (if disparate from above) ___________________________________________________________Place of work Milnet, ColchesterWork number 01206Mobile074Parent/Guardian/Carers NameMatt IdaraAddress (if different from above) ___________________________________________________________Place of workBaka Mill, ColchesterWork number 01206..Mobile074Who to contact in an emergency (other than Parent/guardian/carer) Mary BandTelephone number 074..Name of individual who will collect childEsse IdaraOther persons who may collect childMatt IdaraFurther information (if necessary) _________________________________________________________Childs doctorRaymond RockAddressMain Surgery, Ipswich road, colchesterTelephone number01206..Immunisation/Vaccinations Has the child been richly immunised against YES/NODiphtheria Whooping cough yesTetanus yesPolio yesMeasles yesmumps yesRubella yesHib Meningitis yesOther________________________________________________________________Special Diet/ Allergies/ Health problems/ Childhood illnessesJoy is allergic to overawe milk and so must not take cow milk or come in contact with a cow as this can cause allergic reaction by swelling of pharynx and mouth, or burn on skin.If there is an emergency due to ingestion, pass around adrenaline through an Epi-pen as prescribed by her Doctor this is kept in her locked container. This should be administered by a properly trained person.Good.Anything else the childminder should notice about your child e.g. likes dislikes, fears, comfort items, Special words ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PARENT/ shielder/CARER Signature _____________________________ Date ______ __________Note that this form should be documented accurately in case of emergency and for first aid administration and interferenceCHILDHOOD CHRONIC DISEASESChronic Disease is a long-lasting assure that can be controlled but not cured. Most inveterate diseases do not resolve spontaneously, and are generally not cured completely. somewhat can be immediately life-threatening others can persist over time and can be intensive in terms of worry (e.g. diabetes). Most chronic diseases persist in an individual through life, but are not always the cause of death.Children suffer from various chronic diseases which can have effect on their physical and mental development. approximately childhood chronic diseases which can affect development are Diabetes, bronchial asthma, cystic Fibrosis and Cerebral Palsy.Diabetes Diabetes is a lifelong physical body thatcauses a persons blood sugar level to become too high (NHS Choices, Health A-Z, Diabetes). It is caused by having too much glucose in the blood and has two types. Type 1 is diagnosed in adolescence and controlled by insulin injection, Type 2 diagnosed in adulthood and controlled through diet and tablets.Development can be adversely affected by diabetes retinopathy, in which damage occurs to the blood vessel in the retina which can impair a child vision and damage the eyes, thereby affecting the physical and reason development due to loss of sight. Also, diabetes nephropathy causes complication to the feet and if sores and blisters to the fee are not treated infection can occur and result in nerve damage to the feet.Asthma Asthma is a chronic condition affecting the lungs which can be effectively controlled in most children. Asthma affects the airways, when a child comes in contact with something that irritates their lungs know as trip out such as tobacco smoke, pollen or allergy like front-runner hair, their airways narrow, the lining becomes inflamed, the muscles around them tighten, and there is an increa se in the production of cumbersome mucus or phlegm. This makes it difficult to breathe and causes symptoms such as wheezing, expectorate and shortness of breath. Some of the medication for the treatment of asthma is preventer and reliever inhaler, and steroid hormone medication.Asthma can affect emotional and clever development, for instance if a child is always absent from school to get treatment for the disease, this in turn affects the child target in school by wanting(p) work at school.cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become cloggedwith thick sticky mucus. It is an contagious chronic health condition that affects a child internal pipe organ particularly the lungs. This causes pancreatic problems resulting into poor digestion of food and leading to poor development by inadequate growth as a result of malnutrition. Cystic fibrosis can be treated with range of therapies, including medication, diet, and physiothera py to remove mucus from the lungs.Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the brain, that commonly occurs before, during or after a child is born. Cerebral palsy refers to base of neurological conditions such as muscle problems, speech impairment and abrasiveness on one side of the body.Cerebral palsy affects children in many another(prenominal) ways such as children having mobility problems, and some requiring lifelong care. This affects physically, emotional and intellectual development through hearing and visual impairment and delayed growth. Also, it can cause serious distress for those warmth for the child. Help and support to parents and those caring for children is available on NHS choices website.Reference ListCarolyn Childs, 2001, Food and Nutrition in the Early Years, UK, Hodder StoughtonMarilyn B.Dawn R. and Katty W. , 1999, Early Years Care, UK, Hodder StoughtonNHS Choices, Health A-Z (www.nhs.uk)Teena Kamen, 2007, Childrens Care Learning and Develop ment, UK, Hodder ArnoldTina B Carolyn M, 2006, Understanding the Behaviour of Children, UK, Hodder Education

Climate Change Will Affect Invertebrates And Vertebrates Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate Change Will f on the whole Inverteb grade And Vertebrates Environmental Sciences EssayGlobal modality win over is prophesyed to brace temperatures to ontogenesis by 1.4-5.8C by the yr 2100. This ordain probably live a pro open up impact upon galore(postnominal) pull down living creatures. Here, four beast groups were selected for review amphibians, shuttle louses, diametral bears and dames. Many species leave bottom of the inning al equitable ab give away probably bl annihilate in get along north, w present conditions result be precooled. Changes in instruction volition occur, with umpteen a(prenominal) species breeding in the beginning, as already show by amphibian and biddy species. Higher temperatures be belike to benefit insects, causation higher metabolic rates and increasing their numbers. Alternatively, a bullet futurity for gelid bears doesnt come along promising. With rapid loss of sea- codswallop, much individuals argon su ffering, as obtaining nutrition is decorous increasingly difficult. Predicting the likely impacts of mood frontiering is complex as separately species bequeath be affected diametrically. Further research is inborn to predict the impacts of rainfall patterns and ingrained weather til nowts upon the survival of lower animals.Abstract 2Global humour change is healthy nether way, with globose involve annual temperatures set to adjoin by 1.4-5.8C by the year 2100. This major environmental change has the ability to influence both species dissemination and extinguishing rates. Here, four animal taxa were selected for review amphibians, insects, arctic bears (Ursus maritimus) and birds. Northern dispersal shifts argon likely to get going increasingly common across all groups as species exploit new habitats and seek armored combat vehicle conditions. Phenological changes will drive place such(prenominal)(prenominal) as earlier breeding in amphibians and birds, thoug h it is uncertain ab aside what this will mean for their persistence. Climate-facilitated diseases may influence extinctions, such as Saprolegnia ferax, which causes deathrate in amphibian embryos. Higher temperatures be likely to benefit insects, cause an increase in flight- searchent activities. Alternatively, a melt in store(predicate) for polar bears doesnt look promising. With rapid loss of sea- applesauce, the body conditions of many individuals are declining, and desperate track down strategies such as behindnibalism set out been reported. Predicting humour bring forth cause is complex as responses will be specie-specific and emf evolutionary adaptations impoverishment to be taken into account. Further research is needed to predict the impacts of precipitation and extreme weather yetts upon the fitness of mundane species.1.0 asylumLong term global modality change is certainly at the forefront of scientific interest. Climatic variation is undoubtedly a inwrought process, scarce the balance of evidence available suggests that excessive human drill has been the dominant reason for the late observed dramatic changes in humour (Telemeco et al, 2009). establishs withdraw shown that since the 1970s, global mean annual temperatures have change magnitude significantly, emanation by approximately 0.15C per decade (Beaumont and Hughes, 2002). It has been predicted that this trend will keep, and global mean annual temperatures are likely to have increased by 1.4-5.8 C by the year 2100 (op.cit). Some researchers believe that such temperature rises will be the largest anthropogenic disturbance ever placed upon inbred ecosystems (Deutsch et al, 2008). Whilst this heating has received a great deal of attention, changes in precipitation patterns and the absolute frequency of extreme weather events will accompany this temperature variation. These recently devised predictions are causing immense fretfulness amongst scientists, because assuming that they are correct, the biodiversity across the globe will be altered significantly. Distribution, the geographic occurrence or range of an organism, is closely controlled by modality, and on that pointfore, it is anticipated that this will be notably affected in numerous species (Pearson and Dawson, 2003). Studies have shown that global temper change has already taken effect and has been the cause of numerous scattering shifts observed in a variety of organisms during the bypast 30 old age (Thomas et al, 2004). A national carried out by Hitch and Leberg (2006) found that disseminations of North American bird species were locomote significantly further north, near probably as a resultant of increasing temperatures. The extent to which animals react to global mode change, whether it be by dint of changing their distribution or reacting in others ways, will depend for the most part upon several concomitantors. The first is the geographical location of the species and the second being the heading of particular biological traits. These traits are related to factors such as communicable demand-up, ecology and aliveness history stages, influencing an individuals vulnerability to climate change. Specific traits take dependence upon a particular microhabitat, dispersal limitation collectable(p) to geographical barriers and low genetic diversity (Foden et al, 2008).Therefore, not all species will serve in similar ways, even when exposed to the same climatical conditions, implication that the persistence of few species will be peril much than others. Extinction, receivable to climate change, will be the likely reality for some species, and it has been estimated that 15-37% of erratic species will be committed to extinction by the year 2050 (Thomas et al, 2004). search is present-day(prenominal)ly very much centred on trying to identify those most at hazard and looking for possible ways to reduce predicted extinction rates . though much effort is being made, minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases, originally carbon dioxide, is the single ultimate action which could save a immense number of species (op.cit). The publication of a growing number of studies regarding extinction in relation to climate change is fashioning humans increasingly aware(p) of the vital actions that need to be taken in an tackle to conserves the earths biodiversity.1.1 AimsThe aim of this review is to evaluate how global climate change will affect the distribution and off methamphetamine hydrochloride of both terrestrial vertebrate and thornless(prenominal) species. Status is quite a broad term but in context of biology and hence this review, it primarily refers to conservation status examining how likely the animal is to become extinct in the future. Predicting the status of an organism is tangled and requires information regarding heterogeneous aspects of its ecology, such as its habitat, foraging strategy and br eeding behaviour. Research concerning a variety of animal groups will be examined, so that a wide range of potential difference effects across the animal kingdom can be identified. Here, four taxonomic groupings have been selected for review, due to their high vulnerability to climate change and/or high environmental importance. These taxa are to a fault heavily represented in the available belles-lettres. The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) has been focused on due to its apace changing looking glass habitat. Insects and amphibians were selected mainly due to their ectothermic nature and are at that placefore passing sensitive to temperature. Finally birds were chosen due to their close association with climate, especially in migratory species. Although not every animal class has been reviewed, it is hoped that this literature review can provide a balanced evaluation with regards to an sphere of influence of science which is causing both increased social interest and concern at the present time.2.0 AmphibiansIt is widely accepted that amphibian populations are declining dramatically around the globe, with an estimated 43% of the complete species currently in deccourse (Lips et al, 2008). This has prompted a satisfactory number of studies, which have researched the possible factors responsible for amphibian reductions (Corn, 2005). Though climate change as a cause was considered relatively understudied in 2003, it has since received an increasing amount of attention (Carey and Alexander, 2003). Amphibians are terrestrial ectotherms, having life history stages which are very much sensitive to both environmental temperature and precipitation (op.cit). This suggests that they should be highly vulnerable to climate change, but past records have shown that existing amphibians have descended from ancestors that were able to cope with climatic extremes and variance (op.cit). Nevertheless, it still be highly principal(prenominal) to discover if, and how these animals will be affected by global climate change in the future. correspondence links between amphibian distribution and climate change is essential for their conservation, though relatively few studies have investigated this. Girardello et al (2010) undertook a study in an attempt to discover the likely implications of climate change on the distribution of amphibians in Italy. It was confirmed that climate greatly affects species distribution and precipitation plays a crucial role in determining range shifts (op.cit). blackball predictions were made in that the distributions of many amphibian species could reduce considerably. Mediterranean species such as Rana temporaria and those found in mountain habitats are of a main concern, as it was found that their distributions could falling off, despite the fact they may well colonize new areas (op.cit). one(a) of the reasons for this is that many species in these particular locations are highly climate specialised (op.cit). Therefor e, any small changes in climate could prove to be damaging in price of their distributions. Distribution reductions are not unaccompanied predicted for species in Italy but for those in other countries too. It is anticipate that the golden striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica), native to Spain and Portugal, will constrict its distribution between the historic period 2050 and 2080 (Corn, 2005). Research regarding 42 amphibian species throughout atomic number 63 produced some more promising conclusions. It was found that temperature predictions for 2050 are not likely to be a major threat to this group of animals, and it was besides reason out that they can be judge to expand their distribution (Araujo et al, 2006). This is due to the fact that the warming of northern europiuman areas will create new habitats, which species can exploit (op.cit). However, this will only be possible if the ability to fool is unlimited. ( sign 1 illustrates the predicted species extinctions with no dispersal/unlimited dispersal in Italy). The involvements of factors which maintain or reduce dispersal, such as habitat loss, will only decrease range size, possibly contributing to amphibian population declines in the future (op.cit).Figure 1 Projected amphibian species losses (no dispersal) and gains (unlimited dispersal) in Italy, Girardello et al (2010).Unfortunately, it elevates likely that during the time leading up to 2050, habitats will be further fragmented and destroyed. This does, however, assist current conservation, indicating that to aid the persistence of amphibian species both existing and potential habitats must be protected and managed in a way that will allow optimum dispersal. Given that the current conservation status of 32% of known amphibian species is either threatened or extinct, understanding their relationship with climate change is vitally required (http//www.iucnredlist.org/ initiatives/ amphibians/ analysis). There are various ways in whic h a changing climate could affect the status of amphibian species, through both say and indirect methods. For climate to have a direct negative effect, the levels of temperature, moisture and UVB (ultraviolet-b) radiation would need to exceed the lethal limit of a assumption species (Carey Alexander, 2003). Although recent studies have shown a correlation between amphibian declines and climate change, there has been little evidence to suggest that amphibians have been subjected to lethal levels of environmental variables (op.cit Corn, 2005). There are a number of ways in which climate change could indirectly affect individuals. Successful breeding is essential to promise the survival of any species. It has been suggested that climate change could interfere with reproduction by causing breeding to occur earlier. Tryjanowski et al (2003) found that the first spawning dates of R.temporaria and Bufo bufo shifted 8-9 eld earlier between 1978 and 2002 correlating with warmer spring temperatures. This could be both noxious and beneficial. It may provide more time for offset whilst reducing moving picture to UVB radiation (Corn, 2005). On the other hand, it could as well cause exposure to extreme spring temperatures (op.cit). Whilst some studies have shown significant trends towards earlier breeding, there have also been a similar proportion of findings concluding that climate has no influence upon breeding time (op.cit). Disease has been positively identified as a major cause for amphibian declines, and climate change could potentially facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, causing species to become more suasible (Lips et al, 2008). Chytridiomycosis is a disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and has been responsible for amphibian extinctions (Carey and Alexander, 2003). However, Lips et al (2008) found no evidence that climate change is the cause behind outbreaks of this disease. The chytrid fungus most likely prefer s cooler temperatures and requires an aquatic environment for transmission (Corn, 2005). Therefore, the current trend towards a drier, warmer climate is not likely to make headway outbreaks of this disease (op.cit). A second fungus, Saprolegnia ferax, has been reported to cause mortality in particular amphibian species. Bufo boreas appears to only be allergic to this pathogen in the presence of UVB radiation. Kiesecker et al (2001) concluded that low levels of precipitation during El Nio southern oscillation years caused the embryos of B.boreas to develop in shallower water. This in turn exposed them to extreme UVB radiation and as a consequence, the fungus caused mortality (op.cit). Although the association between current amphibian declines and climate remains uncertain, future climate change will inevitably provide secure challenges for amphibians. Whilst many of these challenges can be scientifically predicted, predicting how species will react proves to be more complex. Unfo rtunately, only time will tell which species will run and which species will fail to persist under the pressure of a rapidly change global climate.3.0 InsectsInsects are the most abundant group of animals on the planet, making up two thirds of all described extant animal species (Stange and Ayres, 2010). Like amphibians, insects are ectothermic so are also strongly influenced by external temperature and other climatic factors. They are extremely important within natural ecosystems due to their position at the bottom of the forage chain, and play vital roles in processes such as decomposition and pollination. Insects also have economic involvements, with some species acting as pests and vectors of diseases. Therefore, research focusing on how insects respond to climate change is beneficial for both the natural environment and human economy. Since the 1990s many studies regarding insects in connection to climate change have been carried out (Musolin, 2007). It is expected to exert powerful effects upon abundance, physiology and distribution, with effects becoming more prominent as the severity of climate change increases (Stange and Ayres, 2010). A change in the distribution of insects has been one of the most frequently reported responses (Musolin, 2007). Those species living in northern temperate regions appear to be expanding their range northwards or moving to higher altitudes (Maes et al, 2010). much(prenominal) shifts in distribution have been recorded in a Brobdingnagian number of species. In the year 2000, the distribution of the Southern green fetor bug (Nezara viridula) in Japan was found to have moved 70km further north of that recorded in the early 1960s (op.cit). Other suborder Heteroptera species, such as those living in Southern Europe, have been recently discovered in the north, probably as a result of climatic variation (op.cit). In Britain, species of Orthoptera have also extended their range. The signally warm summers of 1989/1990 caus ed the distribution of the long winged conehead (Conocephalus discolor) in north-western Europe to progress north and east (Cannon, 1998). The distribution of Lepidoptera has been well documented, owing to this groups high richness and dispersal ability, allowing distribution to be followed over a relatively picayune time period (Roy and Sparks, 2000). Observations of Lepidoptera species have been carried out for over 20 years in Finland and prominent northern range involutions have been recorded (Stange and Ayres, 2010). With many distribution shifts having already occurred, it is relatively easy to predict how a warmer future will affect present insect distributions. Range expansion towards the poles is most likely to become increasingly common, as insects seek out new habitats. A change in geographical distribution is just one way in which climate change has influenced, and will continue to influence, insects. A broad range of additional climate change induced effects, reveale d through recent studies, will most likely impact upon the future survival and fitness of many species. High temperature reduces the time that is needed for insects to try out their body temperature to the flight activity threshold (Beaumont and Hughes, 2002). As an outcome of this, there may be an increase in activities that rely upon flight, such as mate location and crank laying (op.cit). As a result, many of the predicted impacts upon romance species have been positive. However, other aspects of climate change, such as drought, may have undesired effects. Prolonged arid conditions can have a negative impact upon host plant growth and egg survival (Roy and Sparks, 2000). One of the most recognized changes observed in butterflies is rise in their first fashion (op.cit). This has been observed in most British butterfly species, showing a strong correlation with elevated temperatures. It has been predicted that per 1C temperature increase, the first appearance of butterflies co uld advance by 2-10 days (op.cit). Advances in appearance have also been demonstrated in other insect groups. One month advancement in the spring appearance of Heteroptera species was found in Japan, and was also a consequence of soaring temperatures (Musolin, 2007). Other responses tell in insects include behavioural responses in Heteroptera, though they havent been frequently discovered. In Italy, a large number of seed bugs entered urban buildings during the summer. Apparently, this was done in an attempt to escape the harsh high summer temperatures and to find more suitable conditions for aestivation (op.cit). The diversities of dragonfly, butterfly and grasshopper species are expected to decrease in Belgium, if the predicted climate scenarios for 2100 are correct (Maes, 2010). Mortality can be one of the direct consequences of temperature as insects have specie-specific upper and lower temperature limits. In peacock (Inachis io) and comma (Polygonia c-album) butterflies, the p roportions of individuals reaching adulthood differed dramatically with varying temperature (Bryant et al, 1997). 60% survived at 15-30C, 0% at 9C and 20-40% at 34C (op.cit). Whilst such implications of global climate change are worrying, there may be some potential benefits. Metabolic rate is expected to double with each 10C increase and mortality due to cold temperatures during the winter many reduce (Stange and Ayres, 2010). An increase in insect abundance is most probable and can be supported by recent outbreaks such as the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in Central Europe (Cannon, 1998). The extent to which insects are susceptible to extinction will depend part upon their geographical location. Those continueing the tropics are likely to be most at risk as they are highly sensitive to temperature and are already living fairly close to their upper thermal limits (Deutsch et al, 2008). Population growth rates in the tropics are predicted to decrease by up to 20%, further reducing fitness (op.cit). Biological traits which will cause species to have a greater extinction risk include cut dispersal ability and low temperature tolerance. (op.cit). Most species which possess such characteristics inhabit low line of latitude areas. Unfortunately, whilst tropical areas are the most vulnerable, they are also the parts of the world which harbour the greatest biodiversity. In comparison, those insects in mid-high latitude areas are expected to experience increased population growth rates (op.cit). At higher latitudes, organisms are living at temperatures that are cooler than their optimum temperatures, so global warming could potentially resurrect their fitness (op.cit). It can be seen that much effort has been made in an attempt to understand the links between insects and global climate change, and research will continue to try and establish which species are of greatest conservation concern. However, a key consideration which will play a role in extinctions is th e extent to which species will be able to adapt (Cannon, 1998). Unfortunately, this is tremendously multiform to predict and as a result, many studies very much overlook, or some have even exaggerated potential evolutionary adaptations. During the quaternary period, big fluctuations in climate occurred, but the insect fossil record provides no evidence for large-scale evolutionary change during this time (op.cit). Many studies have also focused heavily upon temperature effects and have poorly investigated how rainfall and moisture could impact insects. However, this is mainly due to lack of information, as making predictions about rainfall patterns is relatively difficult. It can be expected that climate change will increase the abundance and distribution of the majority of insects but it must be remembered that responses will be specie-specific and care must be taken to avoid over-generalising predicted responses. Effort must be made to enhance our understandings, whilst aiming to fill current gaps in knowledge.4.0 Polar BearsThe polar bear is often regarded as a oceanic mammal. Although this animal is quite efficient at exploiting marine habitats, it cannot survive within marine waters. Therefore this large vulture can be more appropriately referred to as a terrestrial mammal as it lacks the specific adaptations possessed by true marine mammals such seals. Arctic sea- folderol is critical to the survival of polar bears, as they depend upon it for numerous aspects of their ecology (Sterling and Derocher, 1993). It acts as a substrate on which to make long distance bowel movements, provides access to maternal denning areas and is a platform for conjunction (op.cit). Most importantly, the frosting allows polar bears to feed and feed upon their primary fair game ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and bearded seals (Erigna indeed barbatus) (Regehr et al, 2010). Therefore, changes to sea-ice habitat are expected to have a dramatic impact upon the survival and r eproduction of individuals, ultimately affecting the status of the polar bear as a species. With global climate change well underway, changes to arctic ice have already been documented. Since 1978, 14% of the total amount of ice cover has already been lost (Derocher et al, 2004). Thinning of ice is occurring and sea ice is breaking earlier in the year and freeze later. It has been speculated that in as little as 100 years, the arctic ice cap may disappear completely (Sterling and Derocher, 1993). Numerous studies have demonstrated how changes in sea-ice, undoubtedly influenced by rising global temperatures, are causing polar bears to suffer as a result. Polar bears prefer to hunt on ice which lies over the continental shelf, as the waters here are more productive than arctic basin waters (Regeher et al, 2010). Therefore, long-range ice free periods over this area could lead to reduced foraging success and in turn could impact survival and reproduction. Between 2001 and 2005, decli nes in polar bear survival were observed (op.cit). This observation was linked to agelong ice free periods over the continental shelf. It forced individuals to spend more time hunting on ice situated over less productive waters and caused some to seek alternative prey on land (Stirling and Parkinson, 2006). In western Hudson Bay, Canada, the sea-ice now melts completely each year, loose polar bears no other choice but to spend a proportion of the year ashore (Regehr et al, 2010). Individuals on land suffer food shortages. Ice free periods in 2004 and 2005 were associated with rare behaviour (op.cit). There were relative incidences of cannibalism and even starvation, indicating the severity of food unavailability (op.cit). In addition, living on land increases the exposure to humans, further enhancing their risk (Sterling and Derocher, 1993). Research concerning female polar bears has produced somewhat disturbing conclusions. Not only are the weights of females decreasing (figure 2), reducing bloke survival and reproduction rates, but it is expected that within 100 years most females in Western Hudson Bay will be unavailing to reach the minimum body mass required to rear feasible offspring (Derocher et al, 2004).Figure 2 Mean estimated mass of lone (and thus possibly pregnant) adult female polar bears in Western Hudson Bay,1980-2004 (dashed line indicates fit of linear regression), (Sterling and Parkinson, 2006).Thinning of ice is also occurring due to climate change. Thinner ice moves more quickly which could mean that polar bears need to use more energy to stay in contact with their favourite(a) habitats (Derocher et al, 2004). Ice of reduced thickness also breaks up more easily. It has been shown that polar bears completely abandon ice and move to land when the concentration of ice drops below 50% (Derocher et al, 2004). This is most probably due to the increased be of locomotion which are associated with walking over fragmented ice (op.cit). Conside ring that ice is required for long-distance movements, changes in ice may influence the distribution of polar bears. Large areas of open water due to lack of ice in addition to strong currents, may function as barriers, preventing the movement of polar bears, as implicated in South-eastern Baffin Island and Eastern Beaufort Sea (Sterling and Derocher, 1993). by means of the assessment of a variety of studies, it can be seen that the future for polar bears within the midst of climate change does not look hopeful. They are highly specialised mammals, are already listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act and their habitat is declining rapidly (Derocher, 2010). The population most at risk is that in Beaufort Sea, as it is experiencing severe nutritional stress. forceful declines for this population are predicted and it may even vanish by the end of the century (Hunter, 2010). However, research has shown that there is still time to avoid such a scenario, providing effort is made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This indicates that the future of this species lies solely in the hands of policy makers, who have the supremacy to utilize the nesseccary changes needed for not only the preservation of this species, but for many more too.5.0 BirdsLocal variation in climate has long been recognised as an important factor affecting birds, but addressing how they will cope with long global climate change has only recently been attempted (Crick, 2004). migrant birds have been of great interest, and this isnt surprising, considering that regular long-distance flights enable individuals to exploit various climates in different locations around the globe. Warmer winters are predicted to cause a slight increase in the number of short-distance migrant and resident bird species, whilst there will be a strong decline in the number of long-distance migrants (Lemoine and Bohning-Gaese, 2003). This will likely be due to the increased competition resulting from resi dent bird species benefiting from the warmer conditions (op.cit). Migratory birds are also thought to be affected by mistiming, a result of climate change. This is when birds fail to breed at the time when their main food issue is most abundant (Both et al, 2006). A study concerning the long-distance migratory assorted flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) showed that populations declined by 90% in 20 years as a consequence of this (op.cit). However, on a more positive note, it has been suggested that migratory birds are faced with a lower extinction risk that sedentary species, due to their high mobility (Sekercioglu et al, 2008). With the forecast of an intermediate climate change scenario (surface warming of 2.8C), it can be expected that 5% of sedentary species will become extinct, compared to 1% of long-distance migrants (op.cit). Global climate change appears to be causing birds to lay their eggs earlier. Data derived from the British Trust of Ornithology Nest Record Scheme reveal ed that 51 UK species showed trends towards earlier laying over a 25 year period (Crick, 2004). These trends were apparent throughout a variety of bird groupings including seed eaters, corvids and water birds (op.cit). The pied flycatcher exhibited an increase in egg and clutch size when eggs were laid earlier, indicating that warmer temperatures may be advantageous (op.cit). By the year 2080, it has been estimated that laying dates will be earlier for 75% of bird species (Crick and Sparks, 1999). This is a positive prediction as the advancement of laying dates suggests that birds are coping with temperature rises (Both et al, 2004). It may also mean that the incidence of mistiming may be reduced as the timing of hatch will be brought closer to that of peak food supply. In terms of distribution, elevational distribution shifts are probable. Pounds et al (1999) studied the mountain sully forests of costa Rica. It was shown that global warming had caused the average altitude at the base of the orographic cloud base to rise. This resulted in the colonization of previously cloud forest areas by birds from lower altitudes (Crick, 2004). There are concerns that such changes could have a detrimental impact upon some species. Through poserling in the UK it has been suggested that species such as the snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) may contract their range or even vanish from current breeding areas in the mountainous zones of the Grampians, Scotland (op.cit). Sekercioglu et al (2008) undertook a study to discover the impact of elevational limitations on the extinction risk of land birds (87% of all bird species). It was found that limitations in elevation actually accounted for 97% of the probability of a species being in a World saving Union category of extinction risk (op.cit). Using a model that combined elevational limitations and four habitat loss scenarios, it was predicted that 400-550 avian land species will be extinct and a further 2150 will be at ri sk, under an intermediate climate change scenario for 2100 (Figure 3 and Figure 4).Figure 3 The number of world landbird species estimated to be extinct by 2100, on the basis of different surface warming estimates, three possible shifts in lower elevational limit and four Millennium Assessment habitat change scenarios (Sekercioglu et al, 2008).Figure 4 The number of world landbird species estimated to be at risk of extinction (near threatened or threatened) by 2100, on the basis of different surface warming estimates, three possible shifts in lower elevational limit and four Millennium Assessment habitat change scenarios (Sekercioglu et al, 2008).6.0 ConclusionAlthough most responses to global climate change are expected to be specie-specific, potential distributional changes appear to be quite uniform. Northern distribution shifts are likely to become increasingly common as species seek cooler climates. Elevational distributional changes will also occur, though elevational limitati ons in birds may increase their extinction risk. Impacts may range from phenological changes such as earlier breeding, to mortality resulting from temperatures exceeding thermal limits. Insects could potentia

Consumer benefits and drawbacks of shopping online

Consumer benefits and drawbacks of shop onlineIn the following essay I attend to track the upstart growth on the web/e- sell sales and analyse, comp ar and critique the consumer benefits and drawbacks of obtain online comp ard to conventional reposition from the perspective of consumer behaviour, brand marketing and the application of the seven-spot Cs of retailing.The business of e-retail has been defined as the sale of goods and services via network or the other electronic transmit for personal or kin use by consumers (Dennis 2002).The explosive growth of the net has revolutionised many typefaces of periodic life (Routledge, 2000). Since the organic evolution of the Internet in the early 90s and its relevance in e-commerce the Internet has all told(prenominal)owed efficient freshly communications channels, easy access, flexibility and the authorisation to upload a huge amount of information to a humankind great audience. Online obtain has evolved with the growth of technology. Online shop has had a dramatic impact and hold out very popular, however it still carters to middle and upper class. A monumental feature in consumer locating towards non-store shopping is icon to technology, since it has been established that amplified exposure to technology increases the probability of developing favour equal to(p) attitudes towards new shopping channels (Bigne, Enrique.2005).Growth of the webThe occurrence of the Internet has already had a unusual impact on society, in that respect are much(prenominal) people online than at any other point in history and online retailers look at seen direful increase in their online earning potential. PricewaterhouseCoopers predict that by 2014 the UK entertainment and media business free for be worth an estimate 56 billion (video on nile workweek 4 uk entertainment media). The speedy growth of the Web and Web development has been the result of many innovative advances in Web technology, Feather call s this the webolution. chance(a) more and more people are integrating the meshing into their nonchalant lives due to the flexible opportunities on prolong. Feather forecasts that a vast rapid growth on the Internet will concur over the adjoining ten years transforming all aspects of society. Feather argues that half of North the States will be living a web lifestyle in which they will also be connected to the internet and be able to control their homes, automobiles, work and lessen the need to commute to a far work site.Developed countries that encounter been offering e-commerce render shown impressive expediency in their respective economies (Javalgi et al., 2005) however the Gulf Area seem to be struggling to keep up with the western world. While consumers from the western world take for granted Internet banking and Internet shopping the Arab world are struggling due to major obstacles mainly poor infrastructure, under enthronisation and slow connection speed. some othe r major concern that is contri stilling to their omit of slow growth is the insufficient and compelling amount of content in Arabic only 0.2% of websites are in Arabic. and the Gulf empyrean presents a huge potential market with over 30million web users notwithstanding organisations palpate its an expensive process to translate.On the other hand the new deregulation has allowed competition to enter, before only maven ISP social club was in stock(predicate) to the masses but now with an increase of ISP companies they have started to push the bounce on service. This new competition has driven down prices because the Internet has perplex more accessible and affordable for users.Video(nile of BBC Middle East Business level Internet Growth in the Middle East video on nile week 4)The huge growth area though, is in mobile internet access (appendix). Mobile craft has been defined as followsMobile Commerce is any transaction, involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods and services, which is initiated and/or stainless by using mobile access to computer-mediated networks with the help of an electronic finesse (Tiwari, R. Buse, S. (2007)Mobile is literally how consumers live in todays worldwide society and businesses have already seen this transport in the itinerary consumers connect to the internet. Businesses have clear the new trend and due to the improvement on browsing on smart phones this is set to increase rapidly. (Ebay appendix)Customer benefits and drawbacksTo most consumers crucial attributes of online shopping are convenience and accessibility (Wolfinbarger and Gilly, 2001). Online shopping is becoming more and more popular each year as consumers take advantage of the convenience, wide ad immixture of harvest-festivals and low prices available when shopping online. Over the years the Internet has become a great source for bargain hunters for good reason, there are many great steals online with price comparison companies t hat help consumers celebrate the opera hat prices, shipping and tax advantages, and the convenience of not having to leave home. However sometimes the deal that looks like a bargain may capitulation short of what has been advertised.Being able to walk into a physical store and able to see, feel, try, easily ask questions and compare different products side by side with ease makes for a material case to why brick and plaster shopping is more of an engaging experience. One major benefit of brick and trench mortar shopping is its organisation. Its straight-forward layout allows consumers to easily locate the right department and the right products effortlessly. Online sites offer similar organisations layouts by providing search capabilities and well designed websites with easy navigations. Another federal agent could be the relationship between attitudes of draw of alternatives. The consumer although might have a positive attitude toward online shopping, lead by the strong att ractiveness of the brick-and-mortar alternative. Therefore, he will choose to shop offline, despite his positive attitude toward shopping on the Internet.Online stores recommend certain products over others, while all websites offer descriptions for each product, it may not always be the best thing because the descriptions can be either too general or too detailed, making it difficult to compare two or more products on their features. A negative aspect of shopping online is the communication dissatisfaction because consumers miss that face to face attach, not having an informed person available to cater an immediate answer. However websites now provide independent reviews by customers who have brought each product and display their own personal opinion which in the long run is beneficial to consumers because it helps strengthen their decision on whether or not to purchase a product.Other advantages and disadvantages for shopping online include (see appendix) persuasion of consumer behaviourRetailers and researchers have been aware that shopping is not just a matter of acquiring tangible products but also somewhat experience, use and entertainment. In the e-shopping context, experience and enjoyment originate from consumers fundamental interactions with an e-retail site. Factors can puzzle out a consumers decision when shopping online, these include the followingImage Traditional retailers with strong ensures have long been making the running in e-retail. According to Kimber (2001) instore and online shopper the true are linked. Image is the of import perception from the eyes of the consumer to go on up their overall evaluation or rating, in such a way to guide their decision making process. Consumers are more apparent to buy from a store that they consider to have a positive image e.g. price, brand or customer service. For example Tesco is recognised as having a positive image both instore and online, beingness the UK grocery market loss leader in b oth channels and the worlds largest e-grocer.Social One social interaction is case groups. These are groups that serve as a point of reference for an individual. They are perceived as credible and powerful can change consumers attitude and behaviour (see table1 appendix major consumer reference group pg332). When having doubts about obtaining accurate information about products or services, consumers are more likely to communicate with like-minded people who can be important motivators that influence decisions. Consumer related reference groups include the following (see appendix book scalawag 334)Opinion leadership unofficially influence the actions or attitudes of consumers who may be opinion seekers or purely opinion recipients. Opinion leaders are highly credible sources of information because their intentions are perceived as being in the best interest of the opinion recipient because unlike commercialised endorsers, opinion leaders do not actually represent the interests o f one company and receive no compensation for their advice. Comparisons of opinion leaders and receivers (appendix pg 506) crossroad characteristics Consumers decisions whether or not to shop online are also influenced by the variety of products or services available. In essence some product categories are more suitable for online shopping than other categories, the lack of physical achieve and assistance in shopping on the Internet is one factor that influences this suitability. Kare Silver (2001) created the electronic shopping test to measure a product to calculate the chances that it will be purchased online. Three factors affected the potential care for productsProduct CharacteristicsFamiliarity and ConfidenceConsumer AttributesMore information + example of electronic shopping test (appendix) station marketingBrands are ever more important on the internet with further competitors due to the global presences brands are the link to maintaining the relationship between e-retaile rs and consumers. Consumers have a variety of choices and are more liable to choose e-retailers they know who represent value and are giveworthy.Brand elements are the point of contact between the brand and consumer which is intended to reflect the wanted look and feel of the brand and what it represents. For the brand to succeed all elements must be implemented correctly, however branding a company as something they do not represent is worse than no branding at all because it raises consumer expectations about the quality of what they will receive.Lindstorm (2001) dictates both trust and interactivity are the main factors when shopping online. Consumers perception of e-brands are driven by their total experience on the website, making trust a significant long-term barrier because there is no personal interaction purchasing on the internet offers potential risks e.g. security transactions.E-retailers can interact and prove trust with consumers in a number of ways (appendix mode l of e-branding pg 176).E-retail mix assists e-retailers to achieve designated objectives. Prices and advertising remain a key element but online e-retailers benefit from using banner ads, pop ups and affiliate marketing.Difference forms of retail mix and e-retail mix (appendix)Loyalty marketing strategies, including communication and two-way dialog, rewards, effective customer service and service loyalty schemes and are an important aspect of brand building (Cuthbertson and Bridson, 2006). One way Adidas use the e-mix effectively is to allow consumers to create accounts to make their shopping experience easier. They offer exclusive deals/discounts on products, able to keep track of orders and personalised homepage when signed in makes consumers feel the brand are paying great attention to their needs, help build and maintain a relationship.

Comparing Huck Finn and Colden Haufield in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain :: essays research papers

Throughout The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn by Mark Twain and catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, Huck and Holden go through a series of events from which they are fitting to learn and grow from. They are able to develop opinions that they did not hold at the beginning of the novels alone that they select formed from their travels, and some(prenominal) Huck and Holden are changed by the end of individually novel. Although both Huck and Holdens growth is addressed in the endings, both novels fail to provide a definite future for them. During their journeys, the reader wonders what is breathing out to happen to Huck and Holden once this series of adventures is over and what their outlooks are. The reader is left uncertain of their future when different paths are presented from which the characters have to choose.In Huck Finn and Catcher in the Rye, the authors bring the main characters back to where they begun which makes their growth from their journeys more(prenomi nal) evident. At the end of Huck Finn, Aunt offer is planning to sivilize Huck, entirely Huck has already been sivilized once and from his journey down the Mississippi he has viewed the ways of order and has rejected them. At the beginning of the novel, Huck holds conflict beliefs and is not sure whether he should follow bon ton and its rules. By the end, he has decided from his travels that he has to form his own opinions and make his own decisions because society is not all that many believe it to be. In Catcher in the Rye, Holden holds a cynical view of society and the people in it, but in the end, Holden acknowledges his cynical view by revealing that he is down the stairs the care of a psychoanalyst and then says, Dont eer tell anybody anything. If you do, you start missing everybody (Catcher 214). Holden has begun to accept the people in society that he criticized throughout the novel and accepted the fact that he cannot cherish children from entering the adult world. Th is shows that from the various incidents in his travels through New York, he has grown and begun to develop a new view on society. plot the changes made by Holden and Huck are apparent in the end of their stories, their futures are left uncertain. At the end of Huck Finn, Aunt Sally plans to sivilize Huck while Huck plans to head west.

How does homer use suspense to make the story of the ‘Odyssey’ more :: Classics

How vigors bulls eye use suspense to organise the story of the Odyssey moreexciting in books 13 to 21?To create suspense and tension in the story, kor uses the aspect ofdisguise. When Odysseus lands upon the Ireland of Ithika, Athene giveshim a disguise so that he will not be recognise by the suitors andkilled. The first person he sees when he is on the island is aherdsman of sheep. Who is in reality Athene she is in disguise,Odysseus, thinking she is a herdsman lies to her about whom he is, I postulate fled, an exile, because I have killed the son of Idomeneus. Hislie continued and although he lie about who he was it did have sometruth in it, for spokesperson he says he went to Troy as a henchman, he did rattling go to Troy so hes not hypocrisy but he was a hero rather thanjust a henchman.the goddess grey-eyed Athene, smiled on him and stroked him with herhand.Athene is please that he lied she feels he showed metis and thatit was the good thing to do. yet you never recognize d Pallas Athene,daughter of Zeus, the iodine who is always standing beside you. Shereveals herself to him she gives him a disguise and advice, and thenext person he meets is Eumaois the swine heard. There is a lotwritten about Odysseus and the swine heard I feel that Homer wasdigressing and intentionally delays Odysseus going home to createtension.Odysseus tells another(prenominal) lie, again to create the tension I announcemy origin is from Crete, a spacious land. He does this using metisand to protect himself as he send wordt allow anyone to find out whom hereally is. The swineheard knows he is lying nor spell me with yourlies. This again makes the reader feel anxiety, in bailiwick he knows whomOdysseus really is.Homer keeps emphasising in the disguise, beggar is better mendicancy hisdinner in the city. He is referred to as a beggar to really emphasisto the audience that, that is what he comes across as.Another thing that helps gird up the tension is of Penelope weaving,as w hen she finishes she has to marry one of the suitors. academic termback on a chair and turning yarn on a distaff. Things like this willappear in the text to make the reader nervous, about the time Odysseusis taking to kill the suitors the delaying helps keep the tension.The doe has brought her fawns to the lair of a lion.

Strong Horse Tea, by Alice Walker and The Suicides of Private Greaves, by James Moffett :: Strong Horse Tea Suicides of Private Greaves

Characterization in Strong ply Tea, by Alice Walker and TheSuicides of Private Greaves, by pack MoffettCharacterization is the channelize that occurs in a character throughoutthe baloney. The change can be either a physical one or an emotionalone. In the stories Strong ply Tea, by Alice Walker and TheSuicides of Private Greaves, by James Moffett, the characters involvedgo through changes that effect both stories ending. Characterization withal occurs in stories through the eyes of other characters and howthey view the main mortal in a story. A characters change in thestory go away eventually lead to the resolution, and inevitably the end ofthe story. In Strong Horse Tea the main characters change is veryevident. Rannie Mae Toomers change in the story is apparent to thereader and audience. She (Rannie) goes through both an emotionalchange as well as a change in her beliefs (both spiritually and on howshe viewed people.) Rannie is a black woman living in America duringi ts tyrannous years, with her only salvation being her infant son,Snooks. Her son is very wander and in desperate need of medicine.Rannie is convinced that a white specify will drive and visit her andtake care of her son. Rannie, however, does not run into her situation,and hopes still that a doctor will come. Lawd, why dont that doctorcome on here? Rannie keeps on hoping, and not allowing Sarah, thewitch doctor to table service her. Rannie believes that Sarah help will beevil, and that the white doctor will soon come. We going to have us adoctor, Rannie Toomer said fiercly, walking all all over to shoo a fat winterfly from her childs forehead. I dont belive in none of that swampmagic.Rannie is unaware of who she is and how others view her. She does notrealize that the color of her kowtow is oppressing her. Rannie isconvinced that the mailman (her only connection to the outside world)can help her out. The mailman, however, has other views about Rannie.He sees her as an animal (Rannie Mae, leaning over him out of the rainsmelt like a wet goat. ) with perfectly no intelligence (Today hethought she looked more beastly than usual. ) Rannie is convincedthat the mailman will get her doctor for her, unless as the time passesshe comes to the realization that Sarah is her only hope. But I toldyou, Rannie Toomer said in exasperation, as if explaining something to

The Pros and Cons of Technology Essay examples -- Term Papers Research

The Pros and Cons of Technology As far concealment as I can remember my family and I have interpreted advantage of technology. The types of technology have changed over the years, along with our usage and habituation on it. Technology is a fundamental part of our lifestyle, including both hold up and play. What is interesting is that we also have many friends who use very weeny technology in their day-to-day living. This drastic difference makes one rarity how necessary the technology really is, and whether or not our dependence on it is healthy in the long run. It is really easy to just wreak caught up in using technology without thinking almost the pros and cons. I was born in the 80s, so technology as, I make love it, was beginning to take aim at the mainstream United States and the world. I grew up in an era of change, whether or not this change is good is however to be determined. When I talk about technology I am making reference to figurers, automation, and to the hi ghest degree new age technology. My first picture show to computers was at my dads lab at the University of Michigan Dearborn. The computer was ancient by todays standards, but at the judgment of conviction it was a marvel of technological triumph. When I was five we bought a position personal computer (pc) for my mother to write papers and utilize the Internet. I became increasingly fascinated with the possibilities the computer brought be and I was hooked. In give lessons we had little Apple 2Es that only worked when they wanted to but we still apply them every day. My mother had a large influence on my birth with technology. First of all, she felt strongly enough to ban video games and most television shows the first ten years of my life. I started to test educational software for children when I was five because my... ...r, not batteries, because we were out in the timberland for weeks on end. I settled on a small solar panel that could accommodate the digital device. Th e problem was that it didnt work reliably, so just the use of the camera alone ate up my sentence that could have been better spent. Progress? I think not.Now, as I bash technology for some of its downfalls, I am still reminded about its benefits for medicine, and transportation. Isnt that kind of progress beneficial for our civilization? Again the resolving power is, well, yes and no. Sure, we can get from point A to point B faster, but we pollute the environment and rely heavily on nonrenewable resources, which we cant afford in the long run. I expect my generation having to confront this. I see myself using new technologies, but, handle Gomez-Pena, continuing to maintain balance, and staying grounded in a less virtual world.

Queen Myongson Essays -- Korea Korean Leaders Essays

ottoman Myongson (Queen arcminute) Queen Myongsong was born in 1851 in Yohung moment Chan. After the death of her father, the queen would not be equal to(p) to build her own political violence base in the senile Korean society. At that time, the real provide was in the hands of Hungsun Taewongun. Taewongun ride his son to take Queen Min, whom lacked power and thus would not pose a threat to himself or Kojong. In 1866, at the geezerhood 14, Queen Min became wife to Kojong whom assumed power in 1864 at the age of 12. (2) At the time of her marriage, King Kojongs father, Taewongun, ran the country in his sons name. When King Kojong came to power in 1864, his father became the Regent. But the old man stayed on crimson after King Kojong became old enough to take over. To add maltreatment to injury, Taewongun attempted to designate an illegitimate son of King Kojong the heir to the throne. In 1873, the Queens intelligence and cunn ingness enabled to convince her young husband to take himself king in fact as well as in name. After throwing out Tawongun, Min placed her relatives in key positions of power and began to dismantle Taewonguns hermit isolationist policy and opened up the country to foreign trades and friendly relations. Encouraged by his wife, King Kojong signed the Kanghwa Treaty with lacquer and instituted a series of modernization and reform programs. (6) This created a bloody action between Queen Min and her father-in- law. In addition Queen Min had a difficult time giving birth to a son, who was unavoidable to continue the royal line. In Korea, a woman could not acquire the throne in her own right. Therefore, having a son was crucial to the advantage of any queen. Growing impatient with the ... ...Network at Lost Angeles Queen Min (http//www.gkn-la.net/history_resources/queen_min.htm)2. QUEEN MIN--GRADE LEVEL 10-12 AUTHOR David M. Hanna SUBJECT Global History, East Asiatic Civiliz ation (http//www.koreasociety.org/MAIN/KS_LessonPlans/ Lessons/klp_xxix.pdf)3. Bird, Isabella. Korea and Her Neighbors. London KPI Limited, 1985 (first published in 1897). (http//kn.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/selective information/html_dir/2001/02/10/200102100030.asp)4. Tourism Sightseeing (http//english.kg21.net/tour/sightseeingSite.jsseq=19&page=1&caller=category&query=h)5. New Horizon Assassination of Empress Myongsong by Kim Byong-kuk (http//times.hankooki.com/lpage/opinion/200211/kt2002112117172711350.htm)6. A Brief History of the US-Korea Relations Prior to 1945 by Kim Young-Sik, Ph.D. (http//www.kimsoft.com/2003/us-kr-relation.htm)

Discuss the theme of the Dream in Of Mice and Men. Essay -- English Li

Discuss the al-Qaeda of the h eitherucination in Of Mice and Men.E actu every last(predicate)yone in the world has a imagine he knows sewertCome off but he spends his life hoping it may. This is at onceThe sadness and greatness and the triumph of our speciesJohn Steinbeck==============Discuss the theme of the Dream in Of Mice and Men.Steinbecks quote above portrays an authorised aspect of Of Mice andMen. Steinbeck remarks on how people finish create a daydream and how theycan suck up positive and negative effects from them. A dream is humannature, where a person can get away from the outside world by thinkingor imagining what their life would be like if the dream came true.Throughout the account book there are quad main dreams, which the charactershave in Of Mice and Men.Firstly George and Lennies dream about makeing their own land. Thisprogresses when Candy makes the dream more realistic. Curleys dreamwas about wanting himself to be physically bigger and to gain peoplesr espect. Curleys wifes dream was to go to Hollywood and be a bigtime actress. Crooks dream was to have granting immunity like he had when hewas a child.George and Lennies dreams were very analogous in their own way. Georgesdream was about getting a voice of land of his own and Lennies dreamwas to tend to the rabbits on their own piece of land. George andLennies dream was the main dream throughout the book where theythought of owning a ranch of their own. Lennies concern in the dreamwas about tending the rabbits, which is emphasised in the number oftimes he mentions it during the book, tendin the rabbits. Georgehas a complete different view on the same dream. He wants the land sohe can be dependant on himself, so he doesnt have to work for otherpe... ...o oblige good advice and listen to people. Slim hadthe most respect out of all the ranch hands. It is unusual the waySteinbeck has showed this character, as he owns such(prenominal) a big part of thestory yet doesnt have a dream. Whit also shows that he wants to dosomething with his life as he read his friends letter printed on themagazine, he felt slightly jealous.John Steinbeck has portrayed the theme dream very well in the book.The way he has made nearly all the characters have a dream where theydisplay high hopes. In George and Lennies case, being their ownbosses. This dream can be metaphorically exposit as the GreatAmerican Dream, which shows anything you have in your mind you canachieve it, if you try your best and work hard for it. Unfortunatelyin Of Mice and Men neither of the characters achieve their dream dueto certain circumstances.